A&P 2 Blood
What is the study of the heart and its disorders called?
Cardiology
Cardiac muscle requires oxygen and therefore relies on ________ respiration to produce ATP.
aerobic
The left and right coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel?
aorta
Cardiocytes are described as _____ because individual cells can depolarize on their own without outside stimulation.
autorhythmic
Cardiocytes are described as __________ because individual cells can depolarize on their own without outside stimulation.
autorhythmic
The broad superior part of the heart is the ______ of the heart.
base
An increase in venous return to the heart leads to a(n) ______ in preload and therefore a(n) ______ in stroke volume.
increase, increase
Which blood vessel is indicated by the letter A in the figure?
inferior vena cava
Cardiomyocytes are jointed end to end by thick connections called ______.
intercalated discs
The blood vessel indicated by the letter A in the figure is the posterior _______ vein.
interventricular
The left and right ventricles are separated internally by the ______ septum.
interventricular
As a heart chamber contracts, what happens to the pressure of the fluid within it?
it increases it
Which artery travels under the left auricle and then divides into two branches?
left coronary artery
Blood in the left atrium flows directly into the ______
left ventricle
The vertebrate heartbeat is said to be ______ because the signal originates within the heart muscle itself.
myogenic
When the AV node acts as pacemaker, the slower heartbeat has what type of rhythm?
nodal
A spontaneously developing local potential that generates action potentials in the SA node is called what?
pacemaker potential
An increase in stimulation by what branch of the nervous system lowers the heart rate?
parasympathetic
What are the internal ridges of myocardium found in the right atrium and auricle?
pectinate muscles
The amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediately before it begins to contract is known as the _____
preload
Which circuit carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart?
pulmonary
The blood vessel indicated by the letter A in the figure is the left
pulmonary artery
Which portion of the circulatory system moves blood to and from the lungs?
pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary arteries are branches of the ______.
pulmonary trunk
Which artery runs along the sulcus and supplies blood to the right atrium and SA node?
right coronary
Which chamber of the heart is indicated by the letter A?
right ventricle
Which type of epithelium makes up part of the endocardium?
simple squamous
What is the normal heartbeat set by the SA node called?
sinus
When a normal heart rate is established by the SA node, a ________ rhythm results.
sinus
Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to the opening of ______ channels.
sodium
The pacemaker potential of SA node cells is due to the influx of which ions?
sodium
Which term refers to the contraction of the heart?
systole
What term describes a consistently elevated resting heart rate above 100 bpm?
tachycardia
The condition called cardiac ________ involves compression of the heart by an abnormal accumulation of fluid or clotted blood in the pericardial cavity.
tamponade
The _____ are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and to the body.
ventricles
The thick-walled inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood into the arteries are called ______.
ventricles
Starting with the return of blood to the heart, place the major phases of the cardiac cycle in order.
ventricular filling isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection isovolumtetric relaxation
The epicardium is also called what?
visceral layer of serous pericardium
The blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up the specific type of circulation called the _________ circulation.
coronary
Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to opening of which channels?
sodium
The structure indicated in the figure is the right ________ valve, also known as the tricuspid valve.
AV (atrioventricular)
Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through which structure, thereby allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction?
AV node
What is the ability to rhythmically depolarize without outside stimulation called?
Autorhythmic
_______ are short, thick, branched muscle cells of the heart.
Cardiomyocytes
A(n) ______ is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart.
ECG
Which is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart?
ECG
Which structures are considered to be part of the cardiac conduction system?
Purkinje fibers SA node AV node
Starting with blood in the superior and inferior vena cavae, place the chambers of the heart in order through which the blood would then flow.
Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle
True or false: The coronary blood vessels are part of the the systemic circulation.
True
Cardiac muscle relies on which process to produce ATP?
aerobic respiration
Which arterial branch of the left coronary artery travels down to the apex of the heart?
anterior interventricular
The blood vessel that carries blood away from the left ventricle is the ______.
aorta
The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending ______
aorta
Which blood vessel is indicated by the letter A in the figure?
aortic arch
The figure shows an ear-like extension of the heart chamber, indicated by the letter A, called a(n)
auricle
What is the process of listening to sounds made by the body called?
auscultation
Which region of the heart is indicated by the letter A in the figure?
base
What is the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute?
cardiac output
Which condition involves compression of the heart by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity?.
cardiac tamponade
The blood vessel indicated by the letter A in the figure is the _______ branch of the left coronary artery.
circumflex
The heartbeat is coordinated by the cardiac ______ system.
conduction
A decrease in venous return to the heart leads to a(n) ______ in preload, and therefore, a(n) ______ in stroke volume.
decrease, decrease
Which term refers to relaxation of the heart?
diastole
A(n) _______ is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart.
electrocardiogram
The ______ is the layer that lines the inner chambers of the heart.
endocardium
Place in order the three layers of the heart wall, listing the deepest layer first.
endocardium myocardium epicardium
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle is ______ the amount of blood pumped by the right ventricle.
equal to
True or false: The left ventricle always pumps more blood per beat than the right ventricle. True false question.
false
The structure indicated by the letter A in the figure is the pericardium
fibrous
The outer wall of the pericardium is a sac called the ______.
fibrous pericardium
Which fibrous structure is indicated by the letter A in the figure?
fibrous pericardium
Which vein collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery?
great cardiac
Cardiology involves the study of the ______ and its disorders
heart
The muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through blood vessels is the ______.
heart
Which are components of the cardiovascular system?
heart blood vessels
Which of the following can be obtained by taking a pulse at a point where an artery runs close to the body surface?
heart rate
An increase in venous return would ______ preload.
increase
Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through the ______ node, allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction.
AV
Which autonomic system(s) innervate(s) the heart?
both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in one minute is known as the ______ output.
cardiac
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
they are inversely proportional