A&P 2 Ch. 20
Which of the following equations shows that correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?
F = P/R
When renin is released from the kidney
angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I
Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein?
anterior and posterior tibial and fibular
Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to
arterial pressure
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
arteriole
Relative to the lumen, which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media?
arterioles
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
arterioles
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
arterioles dilate
In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?
artery
After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the _____ artery
axillary
Identify the vein labeled "9."
axillary
Branches off the aortic arch include the
brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery
The ______ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver
hepatic portal vein
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except
release of renin
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?
All of the answers are correct-- blood viscosity turbulence vascular resistance vessel diameter
During exercise,
All of the answers are correct-- venous return increases vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles venous return increase and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles both cardiac output and stroke volume increase
Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?
All of the answers are correct--- lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol
The larger of the two branches of the common iliac artery is the ______ artery
external iliac
The vessel that collects blood from the superficial structures of the head and neck is the ______ vein
external jugular
The external iliac artery branches to form the _______ arteries
femoral and deep femoral
Compared to arteries, veins
have thinner walls
Blood is drained from the liver by the
hepatic vein
The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is _____ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is _____ pressure
hydrostatic; colloid osmotic
Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in
increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system
Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except
increased blood concentration of glucose
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Fear can result in
increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers
As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries
increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease
Identify the artery labeled "16."
inferior mesenteric
The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the
inferior mesenteric artery
Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the
inferior mesenteric vein
Identify the vein labeled "10."
inferior vena cava
Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except
inhibition of EPO secretion
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the _______ vein
internal jugular
Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the
lymphatic system
The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica
media
In response to hemorrhage, there is
mobilization of the venous reserve
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the
osmolarity of interstitial fluids
Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increase
parasympathetic innervation
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
The _______ receives blood from the diaphragm
phrenic vein
At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ______ artery
popliteal
The smallest arterial branches are called
precapillary arterioles
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
precapillary sphincter
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
pressure drops
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the _____ pressure
pulse
Blood moves forward through veins because all of the following except
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of a vein
Venoconstriction ______ the amount of blood within the venous system, which _____ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
reduces; increases
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body
releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The ______ receives all the venous blood from the kidney
renal vein
The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
superior vena cava
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in
the pituitary gland
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel
tunica intima
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
tunica media
Identify the vein labeled "15."
ulnar
The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ______ arteries
ulnar
Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?
vascular resistance
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except
vasodilation
Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel
vein
Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
vein
Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?
veins
The thoroughfare channel ends at the
venule
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules
Turbulent blood flow occurs
when there are irregularities in the vessel wall
If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be _____ mm Hg
100 [(90 x 2) + 120] / 3
Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if filtration or reabsorption occurs. NFP = _____ and results in a fluid ______
15 mm Hg; filtration
What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta? 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has
a greater resistance to blood flow
The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery called the
basilar artery
Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output,
both heart rate and stroke volume increase
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the _______ vein
brachial
Identify the artery labeled "1."
brachiocephalic trunk
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
capillaries
These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated
capillaries
What structure do RBCs move through single-file?
capillary
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the
capillary hydrostatic pressure
Identify the artery labeled "12."
celiac trunk
Venous valves are responsible for
channeling blood toward the heart
Blood pressure is determined by
estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff
The ______ artery supplies blood to the face and neck
external carotid
Identify the arteries labeled "9."
common carotid
Identify the artery labeled "6."
common iliac
Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ______ arteries
common iliac
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends onthe
concentration of plasma proteins
Resistance is a force that
decreases blood flow
The _______ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta
diaphragm
At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the _____ artery
dorsalis pedis
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
doubled
Veins of the brain empty into
dural sinuses
Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is _____ cardiac output
equal to
Identify the vein labeled "6."
external iliac
Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the _______ vein(s)
small saphenous and great saphenous
Veins from the spleen, pancreas, and internal border of the stomach unite to form the
splenic vein
Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?
stroke
Identify the vein labeled "8."
subclavian
The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the
superior vena cava