A&P 2 Ch. 20

Which of the following equations shows that correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?

F = P/R

When renin is released from the kidney

angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I

Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein?

anterior and posterior tibial and fibular

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

arterial pressure

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arteriole

Relative to the lumen, which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media?

arterioles

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

arterioles dilate

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

artery

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the _____ artery

axillary

Identify the vein labeled "9."

axillary

Branches off the aortic arch include the

brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery

The ______ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver

hepatic portal vein

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except

release of renin

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

All of the answers are correct-- blood viscosity turbulence vascular resistance vessel diameter

During exercise,

All of the answers are correct-- venous return increases vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles venous return increase and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles both cardiac output and stroke volume increase

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

All of the answers are correct--- lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol

The larger of the two branches of the common iliac artery is the ______ artery

external iliac

The vessel that collects blood from the superficial structures of the head and neck is the ______ vein

external jugular

The external iliac artery branches to form the _______ arteries

femoral and deep femoral

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls

Blood is drained from the liver by the

hepatic vein

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is _____ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is _____ pressure

hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except

increased blood concentration of glucose

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

Fear can result in

increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease

Identify the artery labeled "16."

inferior mesenteric

The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the

inferior mesenteric artery

Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the

inferior mesenteric vein

Identify the vein labeled "10."

inferior vena cava

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except

inhibition of EPO secretion

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the _______ vein

internal jugular

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the

lymphatic system

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica

media

In response to hemorrhage, there is

mobilization of the venous reserve

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the

osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increase

parasympathetic innervation

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

The _______ receives blood from the diaphragm

phrenic vein

At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ______ artery

popliteal

The smallest arterial branches are called

precapillary arterioles

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincter

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the _____ pressure

pulse

Blood moves forward through veins because all of the following except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of a vein

Venoconstriction ______ the amount of blood within the venous system, which _____ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces; increases

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body

releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The ______ receives all the venous blood from the kidney

renal vein

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

superior vena cava

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

the pituitary gland

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel

tunica intima

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

Identify the vein labeled "15."

ulnar

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ______ arteries

ulnar

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?

vascular resistance

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

vasodilation

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel

vein

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

vein

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

veins

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

venule

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

Turbulent blood flow occurs

when there are irregularities in the vessel wall

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be _____ mm Hg

100 [(90 x 2) + 120] / 3

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if filtration or reabsorption occurs. NFP = _____ and results in a fluid ______

15 mm Hg; filtration

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta? 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

a greater resistance to blood flow

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery called the

basilar artery

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output,

both heart rate and stroke volume increase

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the _______ vein

brachial

Identify the artery labeled "1."

brachiocephalic trunk

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated

capillaries

What structure do RBCs move through single-file?

capillary

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Identify the artery labeled "12."

celiac trunk

Venous valves are responsible for

channeling blood toward the heart

Blood pressure is determined by

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff

The ______ artery supplies blood to the face and neck

external carotid

Identify the arteries labeled "9."

common carotid

Identify the artery labeled "6."

common iliac

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ______ arteries

common iliac

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends onthe

concentration of plasma proteins

Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow

The _______ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta

diaphragm

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the _____ artery

dorsalis pedis

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

doubled

Veins of the brain empty into

dural sinuses

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is _____ cardiac output

equal to

Identify the vein labeled "6."

external iliac

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the _______ vein(s)

small saphenous and great saphenous

Veins from the spleen, pancreas, and internal border of the stomach unite to form the

splenic vein

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

stroke

Identify the vein labeled "8."

subclavian

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the

superior vena cava