A&P 2, Chapter 21
If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.
A. 100
In response to hemorrhage, there is
A. Mobilization of the venous reserve.
When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,
A. both heart rate and stroke volume increase
Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?
A. capillary
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
A. continuous capillaries
The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?
A. elastic
Blood pressure is determined by
A. estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called
A. fenestrated capillaries
Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except A. increased blood concentration of glucose B. stimulation of the heart by epinephrine C. increased venous return D. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart E. decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
A. increased blood concentration of glucose
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ________.
A. lungs
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
A. precapillary sphincter
Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is
A. the subclavian artery
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except A. vasodilation B. increased sympathetic stimulation C. irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques D. elevated levels of epinephrine E. elevated hematocrit
A. vasodilation
Arteriosclerosis can lead to A. coronary artery disease B. stroke C. hypertension D. myocardial infarction E. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
During exercise A. vasodilation occurs at the active muscles muscles B. both cardiac output and stroke volume increase C. tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases D. venous return increases E. All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct.
Edema may occur when A. capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated B. the plasma concentration of protein is reduced C. endothelium permeability goes up. D. blood pressure is high E. All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct.
Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A. smoking B. high cholesterol C. lack of exercise D. obesity E. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions? A. assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries B. accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones C. helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system D. flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces E. All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct.
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A. experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure B. experiences a recall of interstitial fluids C. accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys D. increases water intake E. All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct.
Turbulent blood flow occurs A. when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter.B. when there are irregularities in the vessel wall C. at high flow rates D. when blood pressure is excessively high E. All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A. vessel diameter B. turbulence C. vascular resistance D. blood viscosity E. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following are characteristics of the cardiovascular regulation? A. blood flow changes to match tissue responses B. changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure C. blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen D. blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients E. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?
tunica externa
The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the
tunica media
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
tunica media(smooth muscle)
The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the
tunica media(vasoconstriction)
The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.
vasa vasorum(NOURISH)
The opening and closing of the precapillary sphincter is called ________.
vaso motion (SPHINCTER)
Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?
vein
Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
vein
Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins
The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
veins
What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?
veins
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?
veins
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules
The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called
venules
The thoroughfare channel ends at the
venules
Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?
venules
List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries
C. 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
Which of the following equations show the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?
C. F= P/R
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
capillaries
These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.
capillaries
What structure do RBCs move through single file?
capillary
Multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network are called ________.
collaterals
Capillaries are continuous or
fenestrated
The vessel that supplies a capillary plexus from an arteriole is called a(n) ________.
precapillary arteriole or metarteriole
Venous valves are responsible for
E. channeling blood toward the heart
Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.
E. equal to
Which if the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?
E. hypertension
In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the
E. internal elastic membrane
A sample of tissue displays many large flattered spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the
E. liver
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the A. turbulence B. length of blood vessel C. blood vessel diameter D. blood viscosity E. osmolarity of interstitial fluids
E. osmolarity of interstitial fluids
The smallest arterial branches are called the
E. precapillary arterioles
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
E. pressure drops
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except A. decreased levels of aldosterone B. decreased peripheral resistance C. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) D. decrease in blood volume E. release in renin
E. release in renin
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in
E. the pituitary
Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media?
arterioles
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
arterioles
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?
arterioles
Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?
arterioles
A(n) ______ _______ (two words) is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule.
arteriovenous anastomosis
After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.
axillary
Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries
B. 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?
B. a vessel 1.0cm in diameter and 2 meters long
What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?
B. arteries
Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
B. both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
Resistance is a force that
B. decreases blood flow
Fear can result in
B. increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.
Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except A. uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure B. inhibition of EPO secretion C. activation of ADH secretion D. increased thirst and water intake E. activation of aldosterone secretion
B. inhibition of EPO secretion
Major branches of the subclavian artery include the _______ artery(ies).
B. internal thoracic
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
B. left atrium(pulmo veins)
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?
B. muscular
Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased A. peripheral resistance B. parasympathetic innervation C. blood volume D. cardiac output E. force of cardiac contraction
B. parasympathetic innervation
Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A. Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. B. The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. C. The net filtration pressure is usually zero. D. The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E. Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
C. The net filtration pressure is usually zero.
In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?
C. artery
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35mm Hg to about 18mm Hg is the
C. capillary hydrostatic pressure
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
C. concentration of plasma proteins
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
C. doubled
Compared to arteries, veins
C. have thinner walls(veins)
The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)
C. large vein
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the _______.
C. oxygenated; left atrium
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the _______ pressure.
C. pulse
Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased
C. salt and water loss through the kidneys
Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest? A. heart blood flow is higher B. abdominal viscera blood flow is lower C. skin blood flow is lower D. kidney blood flow is lower E. cardiac output is higher
C. skin blood flow is lower
Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?
C. stroke
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
C. tunica intima(innermost)
Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?
D. 0.4 cm
Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly _________ percent of deaths in the United States.
D. 50
The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the
D. external elastic membrane
A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered
D. medium vein(5mm)
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except A. muscular compression B. the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries C. the respiratory pump D. pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein E. valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood
D. pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein
Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
D. reduces; increase
Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25mm Hg. The determine if the blood gains or losses fluid. NFP = ________ and results in a ________.
E. 15mm Hg; loss
When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A. venous return is decreased B. reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs C. heart rate is reflexively elevated D. the carotid baroreceptors become less active E. All of the answers are correct
E. All of the answers are correct
Branches off the aortic arch include the
E. Brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery
When renin is released from the kidney,
E. angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to
E. arterial pressure
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
E. arterioles dilate
Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
E. both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion
The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an arterial ________.
anastomosis
