A&P 2, Chapter 21

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

A. 100

In response to hemorrhage, there is

A. Mobilization of the venous reserve.

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,

A. both heart rate and stroke volume increase

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?

A. capillary

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

A. continuous capillaries

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

A. elastic

Blood pressure is determined by

A. estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

A. fenestrated capillaries

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except A. increased blood concentration of glucose B. stimulation of the heart by epinephrine C. increased venous return D. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart E. decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

A. increased blood concentration of glucose

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ________.

A. lungs

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

A. precapillary sphincter

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is

A. the subclavian artery

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except A. vasodilation B. increased sympathetic stimulation C. irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques D. elevated levels of epinephrine E. elevated hematocrit

A. vasodilation

Arteriosclerosis can lead to A. coronary artery disease B. stroke C. hypertension D. myocardial infarction E. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

During exercise A. vasodilation occurs at the active muscles muscles B. both cardiac output and stroke volume increase C. tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases D. venous return increases E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct.

Edema may occur when A. capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated B. the plasma concentration of protein is reduced C. endothelium permeability goes up. D. blood pressure is high E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct.

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A. smoking B. high cholesterol C. lack of exercise D. obesity E. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions? A. assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries B. accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones C. helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system D. flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct.

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A. experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure B. experiences a recall of interstitial fluids C. accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys D. increases water intake E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct.

Turbulent blood flow occurs A. when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter.B. when there are irregularities in the vessel wall C. at high flow rates D. when blood pressure is excessively high E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A. vessel diameter B. turbulence C. vascular resistance D. blood viscosity E. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following are characteristics of the cardiovascular regulation? A. blood flow changes to match tissue responses B. changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure C. blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen D. blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients E. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

tunica externa

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media(smooth muscle)

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

tunica media(vasoconstriction)

The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.

vasa vasorum(NOURISH)

The opening and closing of the precapillary sphincter is called ________.

vaso motion (SPHINCTER)

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

vein

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

vein

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

veins

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called

venules

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

venules

List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

C. 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

Which of the following equations show the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?

C. F= P/R

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

capillaries

What structure do RBCs move through single file?

capillary

Multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network are called ________.

collaterals

Capillaries are continuous or

fenestrated

The vessel that supplies a capillary plexus from an arteriole is called a(n) ________.

precapillary arteriole or metarteriole

Venous valves are responsible for

E. channeling blood toward the heart

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

E. equal to

Which if the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

E. hypertension

In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the

E. internal elastic membrane

A sample of tissue displays many large flattered spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the

E. liver

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the A. turbulence B. length of blood vessel C. blood vessel diameter D. blood viscosity E. osmolarity of interstitial fluids

E. osmolarity of interstitial fluids

The smallest arterial branches are called the

E. precapillary arterioles

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

E. pressure drops

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except A. decreased levels of aldosterone B. decreased peripheral resistance C. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) D. decrease in blood volume E. release in renin

E. release in renin

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

E. the pituitary

Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media?

arterioles

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

arterioles

Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?

arterioles

A(n) ______ _______ (two words) is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule.

arteriovenous anastomosis

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.

axillary

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

B. 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

B. a vessel 1.0cm in diameter and 2 meters long

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

B. arteries

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

B. both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

Resistance is a force that

B. decreases blood flow

Fear can result in

B. increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except A. uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure B. inhibition of EPO secretion C. activation of ADH secretion D. increased thirst and water intake E. activation of aldosterone secretion

B. inhibition of EPO secretion

Major branches of the subclavian artery include the _______ artery(ies).

B. internal thoracic

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

B. left atrium(pulmo veins)

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

B. muscular

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased A. peripheral resistance B. parasympathetic innervation C. blood volume D. cardiac output E. force of cardiac contraction

B. parasympathetic innervation

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A. Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. B. The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. C. The net filtration pressure is usually zero. D. The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E. Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.

C. The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

C. artery

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35mm Hg to about 18mm Hg is the

C. capillary hydrostatic pressure

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

C. concentration of plasma proteins

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

C. doubled

Compared to arteries, veins

C. have thinner walls(veins)

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)

C. large vein

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the _______.

C. oxygenated; left atrium

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the _______ pressure.

C. pulse

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased

C. salt and water loss through the kidneys

Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest? A. heart blood flow is higher B. abdominal viscera blood flow is lower C. skin blood flow is lower D. kidney blood flow is lower E. cardiac output is higher

C. skin blood flow is lower

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

C. stroke

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

C. tunica intima(innermost)

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?

D. 0.4 cm

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly _________ percent of deaths in the United States.

D. 50

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

D. external elastic membrane

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered

D. medium vein(5mm)

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except A. muscular compression B. the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries C. the respiratory pump D. pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein E. valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood

D. pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

D. reduces; increase

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25mm Hg. The determine if the blood gains or losses fluid. NFP = ________ and results in a ________.

E. 15mm Hg; loss

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A. venous return is decreased B. reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs C. heart rate is reflexively elevated D. the carotid baroreceptors become less active E. All of the answers are correct

E. All of the answers are correct

Branches off the aortic arch include the

E. Brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery

When renin is released from the kidney,

E. angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

E. arterial pressure

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

E. arterioles dilate

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

E. both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion

The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an arterial ________.

anastomosis