A&P 2 lan Test 2 Ex #33 part 2

what two factors promote the movement of blood through the heart?

1) alternate contraction and relaxation of the myocardium 2) opening and closing of the heart valves (pressure dependent)

INTERPRET 145/85/82. class explanation

145 s- 1st korotkoff sound 85 D1 - 1st fades 82 D2- disappears of sound

INTERPRET 145/85/82

BP 145/85, PULSE 82 BPM. 145 PRESSURE IT TAKES YOUR BLOOD TO PUSH THROUGH VASCULAR SYSTEM WHILE YOU HAVE IT RESTRICTED. 85 IS LEAST AMOUNT OF PRESSURE NEEDED TO FLOW THROUGH VEINS WITHOUT PRESSURE. 82 IS AMOUNT OF HEART BEATS PER MINUTE. COMPLETED CARDIAC CYCLES (82) IN ONE MINUTE.

ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE FOREARM:

BRACHIAL

PULSE AT THE SIDE OF THE NECK

CAROTID ARTERY

WHEN YOU WERE PALPATING THE VARIOUS PULSE OR PRESSURE POINTS, WHICH APPEARED TO HAVE THE GREATEST AMPLITUDE OR TENSION? WHY DO YOU THINK THIS WAS SO?

CAROTID ARTERY; BECAUSE IT IS THE CLOSEST TO THE HEART.

WHAT CAUSES THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE SOUND?

DISAPPEARANCE IS CONSIDERED DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE. D2 - artery fully opened

PULSE ON THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT

DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY

ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE THIGH:

FEMORAL

IN ORDER TO AUSCULTATE MOST ACCURATELY, INDICATE WHERE YOU WOULD PLACE YOUR STETHOSCOPE FOR THE FOLLOWING SOUNDS: APICAL HEARTBEAT

FIFTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE IN LINE WITH MIDDLE OF THE CLAVICLE

IN ORDER TO AUSCULTATE MOST ACCURATELY, INDICATE WHERE YOU WOULD PLACE YOUR STETHOSCOPE FOR THE FOLLOWING SOUNDS: CLOSURE OF THE TRICUSPID VALVE

LEFT OR RIGHT STERNAL BORDER OF FIFTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE

ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE CALF:

POPLITEAL

ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE THUMB:

RADIAL

PULSE AT THE WRIST

RADIAL ARTERY

IN ORDER TO AUSCULTATE MOST ACCURATELY, INDICATE WHERE YOU WOULD PLACE YOUR STETHOSCOPE FOR THE FOLLOWING SOUNDS: CLOSURE OF THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE

RIGHT STERNAL BORDER OF SECOND INTERCOSTAL SPACE

describe s1 and s2

S1: louder, longer, lower pitch S2: short, sharp and high pitch

WHAT ARE THE SOUNDS OF KOROTKOFF?

SOUNDS OF KOROTKOFF ARE PRODUCED WHEN BLOOD PRESSURE IS TAKEN. BLOOD FLOW PRODUCES VIBRATIONS IN THE BLOOD AND SURROUNDING TISSUES THAT CAN BE HEARD THROUGH THE STETHOSCOPE, THESE SOUNDS ARE CALLED KOROTKOFF.

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO COMPRESS THE ARTERY AND RECORD PRESSURES IN THE AUSCULTATORY METHOD OF DETERMINING BLOOD PRESSURE?

SPHYGMOMANOMETER

PULSE IN FRONT OF THE EAR

SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY

WHAT CAUSES THE SYSTOLIC SOUND?

SYSTOLIC SOUND IS THE FIRST SOUND HEARD UNDER PRESSURE. AS THE PRESSURE IS RELEASED AND THE ARTERY CAN NO LONGER STAY CLOSED, AS BLOOD BEGINS TO FLOW THROUGH THE VIBRATIONS MAKE THIS FIRST SOUND.

DEFINE BLOOD PRESSURE

TENSION OF THE BLOOD WITHIN THE BLOOD

THE MONOSYLLABLES DESCRIBING THE HEART SOUNDS ARE __1__. THE FIRST HEART SOUND IS A RESULT OF CLOSURE OF THE __2__ VALVES, WHEREAS THE SECOND IS A RESULT OF CLOSURE OF THE __3__ VALVES. THE HEART CHAMBERS THAT HAVE JUST BEEN FILLED WHEN YOU HEAR THE FIRST HEART SOUND ARE THE __4__, AND THE CHAMBERS THAT HAVE JUST EMPTIED ARE THE __5__. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE SECOND HEART SOUND, BOTH THE __6__ AND __7__ ARE FILLING WITH BLOOD.

THE MONOSYLLABLES DESCRIBING THE HEART SOUNDS ARE *LOBB-DUPP*. THE FIRST HEART SOUND IS A RESULT OF CLOSURE OF THE *AV* VALVES, WHEREAS THE SECOND IS A RESULT OF CLOSURE OF THE *AORTA (SIMILUNAR VALVE)* VALVES. THE HEART CHAMBERS THAT HAVE JUST BEEN FILLED WHEN YOU HEAR THE FIRST HEART SOUND ARE THE *CLOSURE OF THE VENTRICLES*, AND THE CHAMBERS THAT HAVE JUST EMPTIED ARE THE *ATRIA*. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE SECOND HEART SOUND, BOTH THE *ATRIA* AND *VENTRICLE* ARE FILLING WITH BLOOD.

HOW DO VENOUS PRESSURES COMPARE TO ARTERIAL PRESSURE? WHY?

VENOUS PRESSURE IS LOWER; BECAUSE THE VEINS ARE FURTHER REMOVED FROM THE PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART

IDENTIFY THE PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE: DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

VENTRICULAR RELAXATION

IDENTIFY THE PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE: SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

VENTRICULAR contraction

WHAT MANEUVER TO INCREASE THE THORACIC PRESSURE ILLUSTRATES THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON VENOUS PRESSURE? HOW IS THIS PREFORMED?

breath; the glottis will close and the intrathoracic pressure will increase.

WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? HEMORRHAGE

decreases

WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED DIAMETER OF THE ARTERIOLES

decreases

WHAT EFFECTS OF THE FOLLOWING DID YOU OBSERVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE LABORATORY? COLD TEMPERATURE:

increase initially than decreases

WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

increases

WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED BLOOD VISCOSITY

increases

WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT

increases

WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED PULSE RATE

increases

WHAT DO YOU THINK THE EFFECT OF HEAT WOULD BE? WHY?

initially decreases than increase ; vessel dialation

WHICH VALVE IS HEARD MOST CLEARLY WHEN THE APICAL HEARTBEAT IS AUSCULTATED?

mitral valve

note

murmer = 3rd sound can be heard before s1 in between s2 or after s2 murmur in adult indicate valve disorder stenosis -backflow) -children insuffiency -children prolapsed-adult- claps curls underneath

INTERPRET 145/85/-

sound never disappeared

would AV valves be open on a P wave (progressive depolarization )

yes closes to the p end