A&P 2 - Week 2

Beta-1 receptors are found primarily in cardiac muscle and when bound to norepinephrine the heart rate will ______________________.

increase

A GABA antagonist would ________________________.

increase CNS activity

In both _________________________ motor pathways, there are two motor neurons leading away from the CNS.

autonomic

Alpha receptors are found primarily in vascular smooth muscle and when bound to norepinephrine the muscles ___________________.

contract

Botulinum toxin results in _________________________ neurotransmitter present in the synaptic cleft.

less

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors result in ____________________ neurotransmitter present in synaptic cleft.

more

In the sympathetic pathway, the post-ganglionic neuron releases a different NT, _________________________.

norepinephrine

In the ___________________________ pathway, the post-ganglionic neuron also releases the NT, acetylcholine, but the receptors are of the muscarinic type.

parasympathetic

Which compound would be useful in treating a person with asthma?

a beta-2 agonist

Which of the following is a characteristic of the enteric nervous system? a.) It has all of the neurotransmitters found in the brain. b.) It is found in the walls of the heart. c.) The ENS contains around one million neurons. d.) Many complex visceral reflexes of the ENS are initiated and coordinated through the CNS.

a.) It has all of the neurotransmitters found in the brain.

Activation of adenylate cyclase is a mechanism of which membrane receptor? a.) adrenergic beta receptor b.) adrenergic alpha receptor c.) cholinergic nicotinic receptor d.) cholinergic muscarinic receptor

a.) adrenergic beta receptor

When comparing the SNS and ANS, which of the following are unique to the ANS? a.) preganglionic neurons b.) skeletal muscles c.) somatic reflexes d.) lower motor neurons

a.) preganglionic neurons

The NT in the somatic motor pathway and both the autonomic pathways is ___________________________.

acetylcholine

A chemical that bineds to a specific receptor and stimulates is called an __________________.

agonist

a chemical that binds to a specificceptor and blocks the action of the receptor is called an _______________________________.

antagonist

Which cranial nerve alone provides roughly 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow? a.) CN III b.) CN X c.) CN VII d.) CN IX

b.) CN X

Which is correct regarding neurotransmitter release in the sympathetic division? a.) It never involves activation of G proteins. b.) Norepinephrine and epinephrine interact with adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane. c.) Their receptors are located on the surfaces of all postganglionic cells and at neuromuscular junctions of the SNS. d.) Neurotransmitter release always involves muscarinic receptors.

b.) Norepinephrine and epinephrine interact with adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane.

Which of the following is true regarding the ANS? a.) Ganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia control skeletal muscles. b.) The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the hypothalamus. c.) The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons lie within the nuclei of the brain or at the primary motor cortex. d.) There is a single lower motor neuron in the autonomic centers of the ANS.

b.) The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the hypothalamus.

Nicotine is an agonist for nicotinic ACh receptors. Given this information, you would predict that nicotine results in more of ____________________.

both parasympathetic and sympathetic system

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs is via the: a.) ciliary ganglia. b.) superior mesenteric ganglia. c.) cardiac plexuses. d.) celiac ganglia.

c.) cardiac plexuses.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS: a.) always have opposing effects. b.) never innervate the same organ. c.) cannot work independently. d.) may work together, each controlling a stage of a complex process.

d.) may work together, each controlling a stage of a complex process.

Activated nicotinic receptors: a.) are stimulated by muscarine. b.) produce longer-lasting effects than other types of cholinergic receptors. c.) involve G proteins. d.) open chemically gated channels in the postsynaptic membrane.

d.) open chemically gated channels in the postsynaptic membrane.

In the sympathetic division of the ANS, the superior mesenteric ganglion innervates the: a.) lungs. b.) heart. c.) salivary glands. d.) small intestine and the first part of the large intestine.

d.) small intestine and the first part of the large intestine.

Identify the neurotransmitter responsible for the euphoria associated with methamphetamines, cocaine, and falling in love.

dopamine

Beta-2 receptors are found primarily in bronchial smooth muscle and when bound to norepinephrine the muscles will _____________________________.

relax

The target cell for the NT acetylcholine in the somatic motor pathway is a _____________________________ cell.

skeletal muscle

In the ______________________ motor pathway, there is just a single motor neuron leading away from the CNS.

somatic