Module 8: Musculoskeletal Disorders

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Fracture healing: begins at day 5-11 of recovery, release of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), formation of new blood vessels and cartilage

fibrocartilaginous callous formation

muscle pain

myalgia

muscle proteins in urine

myoglobinuria

type of fracture: bone breaks at steep angle causing diagonal break

oblique break

What causes gout episode/gouty arthritis?

Inflammatory response to uric acid crystalizing in joint spaces

bone formation exceeds absorption

Paget's disease of bone

to avoid AKI, treat rhabdomyolysis with....

aggressive fluid mgmt

classic symptom of rhabdomyolysis

black tea-colored urine

Fracture healing: final stage, continuous re-ossifying and restructuring of callus

bone remodelling

Fracture healing: occurs at 1 month of recovery, cartilaginous network begins to calcify (not fully ossified)

bony callus formation

With messy bone break, healing ends at

bony callus formation

hallmark of Paget's

bowed limbs

cancer derived from cartilage cells

chondrosarcoma

2 rhabdomyolysis comlications

compartment syndrome, AKI

type of fracture: skin is broken by bone

compound/open

how bacteria access bone in osteomyelitis (3 ways)

direct extension (sore), abscess, hematogenous spread

type of fracture: edges of bone don't match up

displaced fracture

type 1 osteoporosis caused by

estrogen deficiency

4 dangerous end risk factors of osteomyelitis

fracture, stunted growth, gangrene, sepsis

type of fracture: incomplete fracture (often kids without fully calcified bones)

greenstick break

Fracture healing: begins at time of break thru day 5 of recovery, caused by ruptured blood vessels

hematoma formation

3 high risk areas for osteoporosis

hip, distal radius, vertebrae

4 preventative measures for osteoporosis

hormone replacement therapy, calcium, vit D intake, exercise

lab values would be expected in someone experiencing an early episode of rhabdomyolysis: (2)

hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia

type of fracture: seen in people who fell from height

impacted break

cystic fibrosis linked to secondary osteoporosis d/t...

inability to absorb vitamin D

progressive loss of articular cartilage (most common disease that affects joints)

osteoarthritis

bacterial infection of bone (s aureus)

osteomyelitis

disease causing reduction in spongy bone

osteoporosis

nasty type of cancer derived from bone cells

osteosarcoma

type of fracture: osteoporosis

pathologic

rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle, release of intracellular contents (CK)

rhabdomyolysis

autoimmune inflammation of joints, producing damage to bone

rheumatoid arthritis

type of fracture: lots of pieces of bone break apart

segmented break

type 2 osteoporosis called..(age linked)

senile osteoporosis

type of fracture: skin is not broken by bone

simple/closed

type of fracture: common in sports injuries, twisting

spiral break

worsening side effect of rheumatoid arthritis

subcutaneous nodules

symptom of gouty arthritis

tophi

type of fracture: bone breaks at 90 degree angle caused by perpendicular force

transverse break

type of fracture: injury

trauma

kidney disease and gout are commonly comorbid due to

uric acid excreted through kidneys


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