Module 8: Musculoskeletal Disorders
Fracture healing: begins at day 5-11 of recovery, release of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), formation of new blood vessels and cartilage
fibrocartilaginous callous formation
muscle pain
myalgia
muscle proteins in urine
myoglobinuria
type of fracture: bone breaks at steep angle causing diagonal break
oblique break
What causes gout episode/gouty arthritis?
Inflammatory response to uric acid crystalizing in joint spaces
bone formation exceeds absorption
Paget's disease of bone
to avoid AKI, treat rhabdomyolysis with....
aggressive fluid mgmt
classic symptom of rhabdomyolysis
black tea-colored urine
Fracture healing: final stage, continuous re-ossifying and restructuring of callus
bone remodelling
Fracture healing: occurs at 1 month of recovery, cartilaginous network begins to calcify (not fully ossified)
bony callus formation
With messy bone break, healing ends at
bony callus formation
hallmark of Paget's
bowed limbs
cancer derived from cartilage cells
chondrosarcoma
2 rhabdomyolysis comlications
compartment syndrome, AKI
type of fracture: skin is broken by bone
compound/open
how bacteria access bone in osteomyelitis (3 ways)
direct extension (sore), abscess, hematogenous spread
type of fracture: edges of bone don't match up
displaced fracture
type 1 osteoporosis caused by
estrogen deficiency
4 dangerous end risk factors of osteomyelitis
fracture, stunted growth, gangrene, sepsis
type of fracture: incomplete fracture (often kids without fully calcified bones)
greenstick break
Fracture healing: begins at time of break thru day 5 of recovery, caused by ruptured blood vessels
hematoma formation
3 high risk areas for osteoporosis
hip, distal radius, vertebrae
4 preventative measures for osteoporosis
hormone replacement therapy, calcium, vit D intake, exercise
lab values would be expected in someone experiencing an early episode of rhabdomyolysis: (2)
hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia
type of fracture: seen in people who fell from height
impacted break
cystic fibrosis linked to secondary osteoporosis d/t...
inability to absorb vitamin D
progressive loss of articular cartilage (most common disease that affects joints)
osteoarthritis
bacterial infection of bone (s aureus)
osteomyelitis
disease causing reduction in spongy bone
osteoporosis
nasty type of cancer derived from bone cells
osteosarcoma
type of fracture: osteoporosis
pathologic
rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle, release of intracellular contents (CK)
rhabdomyolysis
autoimmune inflammation of joints, producing damage to bone
rheumatoid arthritis
type of fracture: lots of pieces of bone break apart
segmented break
type 2 osteoporosis called..(age linked)
senile osteoporosis
type of fracture: skin is not broken by bone
simple/closed
type of fracture: common in sports injuries, twisting
spiral break
worsening side effect of rheumatoid arthritis
subcutaneous nodules
symptom of gouty arthritis
tophi
type of fracture: bone breaks at 90 degree angle caused by perpendicular force
transverse break
type of fracture: injury
trauma
kidney disease and gout are commonly comorbid due to
uric acid excreted through kidneys
