Chapters 9 and 10 Anatomy Test
Origin on pubic symphysis & margin, inserts on xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7
Rectus abdominis
157. Longest muscle in the body
Sartiorius
193. Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? a. tibialis posterior d. gastrocnemius b. popliteus e. all of these are plantar flexors c. flexor digitorum longus
all of these are plantar flexors
Origin on posterior surface of fibular head & mid 1/3 of tibia, involved in plantar flexion only
soleus
188. Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position? a. the gastrocnemius d. the quadriceps femoris b. the sartorius e. none of these c. all of the hamstrings
the sartorious
Origin on occipital protuberance, C7-T3 or 4, inserts along acromion, spine of scapula & lateral clavicle
trapezius
101. A sarcomere is the distance between two ________.
Z discs
Origin on zygomatic bone, inserts on superolateral angle of mouth
Zygomaticus Major
24. The sliding filament model of contraction involves ________. a. actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping b. the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past c. actin and myosin shortening but not sliding past each other d. the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments e. all of the above
a. actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
22. In an isotonic contraction, the muscle ______________. a. changes in length and moves the "load" b. does not change in length but increases tension c. never converts pyruvate to lactate d. rapidly resynthesizes creatin phosphate and ATP e. none of these
a. changes in length and moves the "load"
76. The trapezius muscle adducts the scapula.
True
77. The pectoralis major muscle is an antagonist to the latissimus dorsi muscle.
True
78. Three layers of muscle form the lateral abdominal walls.
True
82. An abductor muscle moves a body part away from the midline.
True
Origin on frontal bone and maxillae, inserts on eyelids, closes eyes
Orbicularis Oculi
Closes & protrudes lips as in kissing
Orbicularis oris
172. Both the gastrocnemius and ________ muscle insert on the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon. a. semimembranosus d. tibialis anterior b. tibialis posterior e. none of these c. soleus
Soleus
Origin on manubrium of sternum & clavicle, inserts on mastoid process
Sternocleidomastoid
44. When there is not enough oxygen to create ATP by aerobic respiration, a muscle fiber can produce ATP by borrowing phosphate groups from a. cyclic adenosine monophosphate. d. cholinesterase b. creatine phosphate. e. creatine kinase c. phospholipids.
b. creatine phosphate.
121. What is the functional role of the T tubules? a. stabilize the G and F actin b. enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction c. hold cross bridges in place in a resting muscle d. synthesize ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction e. all of these
b. enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction
119. Curare, a toxin, blocks the acetylcholine receptors on muscle tissue. This would result in: a. increased stimulation of the muscle fiber b. inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus c. contraction of the muscle fiber d. excessive contractions and convulsions e. none of these
b. inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus
137. The muscles that rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow are the a. brachialis and biceps brachii d. all of the above b. pronator quadratus and supinator e. none of the above c. biceps brachii and triceps brachii
b. pronator quadratus and supinator
33. The outer membrane around the muscle cell is called the ____, while the tunnel-like infoldings of the outer membrane form part of the triad called the ____. a. sarcolemma; terminal cisternae b. sarcolemma; transverse tubules c. transverse tubule; sarcoplasmic reticulum d. transverse tubule; terminal cisternae e. sarcoplasm; transverse tubules
b. sarcolemma; transverse tubules
91. Calcium is stored in the ___________ of a muscle cell. a. sarcoplasm d. transverse tubules b. sarcoplamic reticulum e. none of the above c. sarcomere
b. sarcoplamic reticulum
126. After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction? a. calcium ions returning to the terminal cisternae b. the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved c. acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh d. the action potential stops going down the overloaded T tubules e. all of these
c. acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
116. This process aids in skeletal muscle relaxation after contraction: a. calcium is released from intracellular storage sites b. motor neurons send electrical signal to muscle c. acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine d. troponin binds calcium e. none of these
c. acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine
37. Of the following, which is the first to occur during muscle contraction? a. actin slides past myosin b. sarcomeres shorten c. crossbridges link thick and thin filaments d. myofibrils shorten and pull on ends of sarcolemma e. these occur at the same time
c. crossbridges link thick and thin filaments
118. Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in: a. decrease acetylcholine production by the motor neuron b. relaxation of the muscle fiber c. excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber d. inability of the motor neuron to stimulate the muscle fiber e. none of these
c. excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber
128. You are looking for the extensor pollicis brevis. This muscle a. extends the thumb briefly. d. extends the great toe and is short. b. extends the index finger and is short. e. extends the ring finger and is short. c. extends the thumb and is short.
c. extends the thumb and is short.
147. In general, where do the flexors of the wrist originate? a. lateral epicondyle of the humerus d. lesser tubercle of the humerus b. greater trochanter of the humerus e. none of these is correct c. medial epicondyle of the humerus
c. medial epicondyle of the humerus
11 The calcium released from storage in a skeletal muscle cell causes the _________ to move off the active sites. a. actin-myosin complex c. troponin-tropomyosin complex e. none of these b. myosin-troponin complex d. tropomyosin-actin complex
c. troponin-tropomyosin complex
94. The calcium released from storage in a skeletal muscle cell causes the ________ to move off the active site. a. actin-myosin complex c. troponin-tropomyosin complex e. none of these b. myosin-troponin complex d. tropomyosin-actin complex
c. troponin-tropomyosin complex
195. Of the muscles that move the foot and toes, those on the anterior surface are involved in a. plantar flexion d. adduction b. dorsiflexion e. none of these c. abduction
dorsiflexion
39. Muscle contraction is caused by a. actin filaments sliding past each other. b. myelin filaments sliding past each other. c. myosin filaments sliding past each other d. actin filaments sliding past myelin filaments e. actin filaments sliding past myosin filaments
e. actin filaments sliding past myosin filaments
88. The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or extension is called a. excitability c. flexibility e. none of these b. elasticity d. tetanus
elasticity
28. Thin connective tissue around each muscle cell
endomysium
139. Flexes and abducts hand at the wrist
flexor carpi radialis
Origin on nearly all ribs, draws scapula laterally & forward as in pushing
serrates anterior
112. A muscle fascicle is a: a. bundle of myofibrils b. bundle of connective tissue c. bundle of muscle fibers d. muscle cell e. all of these
bundle of muscle fibers
36. In skeletal muscle, the light bands are called ____ and they contain ________. a. A bands; actin. d. I bands; myosin b. A bands; myosin. e. H zones; actin. c. I bands; actin
c. I bands; actin
125. Muscle tone is ________. a. the ability of a muscle to efficiently cause skeletal movements b. the feeling of well-being following exercise c. a state of sustained partial contraction d. the condition of athletes after intensive training e. all of these
c. a state of sustained partial contraction
41. Which proteins make up the thin filament? a. myosin, actin, & troponin c. actin, troponin & tropomyosin b. myosin, troponin, & tropomyosin d. actin, myosin & tropomyosin
c. actin, troponin & tropomyosin
89. At rest, active sites on the thin filaments of a muscle fiber are blocked by a. myosin molecules d. troponin molecules b. actin molecules e. none of these c. tropomyosin molecules
c. tropomyosin molecules
142. Extends and adducts the wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris
158. Which of the following flexes the hip? a. vastus laterales d. rectus femoris b. vastus medialis e. biceps femoris c. semimembranosus
rectus femoris
190. Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? a. biceps femoris d. rectus femoris b. semitendinosus e. none of these c. semimembranosus
rectus femoris
123. When a muscle is unable to respond to stimuli temporarily, it is in which of the following periods? a.relaxation period b. refractory period c. latent period d. fatigue period e. none of these
refractory period
124. Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________. a. secretion b. contractility c. extensibility d. excitability e. all of these
secretion
29. A bundle of muscle cells
Fascicle
Thin
Attaches to the Z disk
27. Cytoplasm of muscle cells
Sacroplasm
13. Calcium in a skeletal muscle is stored in the a. sarcomere c. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. all of these b. sarcolemma d. mitochondria
Sacroplasmic reticulum
Origin on lateral condyle of tibia & shaft of fibula, inserts on toes 2-5
Extensor digitorium longus
81. The scalenes are superficial to the trapezius.
False
73. Severing of the patellar tendon would inactivate the hamstring muscles.
False (quads)
46. Thin filaments change in length when a muscle contracts.
False (they slide)
Origin on spinous processes of T2-T5, inserts on medial border of scapula, retracts scapula, braces shoulder
Rhomboideus major
Origin on spinous processes of C7-T1, nuchal ligament, inserts on medial border of scapula
Rhomboideus minor
204. Mary's newborn is having trouble suckling. The doctor suggests that it may be a problem with the ______________ muscle. a. orbicularis oris c. masseter e. none of these b. buccinators d. zygomaticus
buccinators
141. Extends and abducts the wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus
Inserts at base of 5th metacarpal, extends & "fixes" wrist
extensor carpi unlaris
143. Prime mover of finger extension
extensor digitorium
140. Flexes and adducts the wrist
flexor carpis ulnaris
144. Flexes phalanges of digit I
flexor pollicis longus
Origin on infraspinous fossa of scapula, inserts on greater tubercle of humerus
infraspinatus
122. During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to ________. a. a strong base b. stearic acid c. hydrochloric acid d. lactic acid e. all of these
lactic acid
Origin on vertebrae T7-L5, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia, inserts on sulcus of humerus
latissimus dorsi
127. What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors? a. motor end plate b. end of the muscle fiber c. part adjacent to another muscle cell d. any part of the sarcolemma e. none of these
motor end plate
115. Which of the following does NOT occur in a muscle during contraction: a. thick and thin filaments bind to each other b. muscle fibers stretch c. thick and thin filaments "slide" past each other d. muscle fibers shorten e. none of these
muscle fibers stretch
120. The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________. a. hemoglobin b. ATP c. myoglobin d. immunoglobin e. none of these
myoglobin
92. The head of cross bridges formed during contraction is located on the a. myosin c. troponin e. none of these b. actin d. tropomyosin
myosin
45. The pronator teres and pronator quadratus a. depress the scapula. d. turn the palm upward. b. rotate the scapula. e. none of these c. flex the elbow.
none of these
132. The term "rectus" is used to denote fibers that run ______ to the midline. a. parallel c. perpendicular e. none of these b. diagonally d. vertical
parallel
Origin on ribs 3-5 and inserts on coracoid process of scapula, draws scapula laterally and forward, rotates scapula, depresses shoulder
pectoralis minor
133. The term "transversus" is used to denote fibers that run _________ to the midline. a. parallel c. perpendicular e. none of these b. diagonally d. vertical
perpendicular
169. If the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon was cut, which muscle action would be affected the most? a. dorsiflexion d. eversion b. plantar flexion e. all of these c. adduction
plantar Flexion
173. Of the muscles that move the foot and toes, those on the posterior leg surface are primarily involved in a. dorsiflexion d. adduction b. plantar flexion e. none of these c. abduction
plantar flexion
151. Inserts on medial surface of proximal tibia, flexes knee and hip joints rotates thigh laterally
popliteus
156. Origin on lateral condyle of femur, inserts on posterior tibial surface
popliteus
150. Acts as a synergist to the iliacus muscle in flexion of hip, inserts on lesser trochanter of femur
posas Major
Turns the forearm and hand posteriorly
pronator quadratus
113. The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle is a: a. sarcomere b. motor unit c. synapse d. thin filament e. none of these
sarcomere
108. Diffusion across the cell membrane results in depolarization.
sodium-potassium ions
90. At rest, tropomyosin molecules are held in place by a. myosin molecules d. troponin molecules b. actin molecules e. none of these c. ATP molecules
troponin molecules
31. A muscle cell
Muscle fiber
131. In general, where do the extensors of the wrist originate? a. lateral epicondyle of the humerus d. lesser tubercle of the humerus b. greater trochanter of the humerus e. none of these is correct c. medial epicondyle of the humerus
a. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
182. The muscle of the forearm that extends and adducts the wrist is the a. extensor carpi radialis longus c. flexor carpi ulnaris e. none of these b. extensor carpi ulnaris d. flexor carpi radialis
extensor carpi ulnaris
Inserts on olecranon of ulna, extends elbow
Triceps Brachii
45. One motor unit innervates only one skeletal muscle fiber.
True
47. Troponin is part of the thin filament of a sarcomere.
True
48. A contracted muscle cannot relax in the absence of ATP.
True
51. One of the important functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.
True
52. An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.
True
53. A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell.
True
26. Contractile unit of a muscle
sacromere
54. The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to temporarily modify its ion permeability.
True
56. A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric.
True
59. One of the important functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.
True
60. An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.
True
61. In a contraction, as the muscle shortens, its insertion moves toward its origin.
True
62. The action of the quadriceps femoris group of muscles is antagonistic to the hamstring group of muscles.
True
63. The muscles of the thigh responsible for extension of the knee are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh.
True
64. The quadriceps femoris muscle has 4 origins on the femur and hipbone but only one insertion
True
66. Of the muscles considered the hamstrings, only the biceps femoris muscle originates on the linea aspera of the femur, the others originate on the os coxae
True
68. Extensor digitorum longus extends toes 2-5.
True
69. The biceps brachii inserts on the radius.
True
70. The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.
True
72. The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest strongest tendon in the body.
True
134. The prime mover(s) in extension of the elbow joint is (are) the a. biceps brachii c. triceps brachii e. none of these b. brachialis d. a & b
triceps brachii
14. When calcium binds to troponin, a. tropomyosin moves off the actin molecules b. active sites on the myosin are exposed c. actin heads bind to myosin d. muscle contraction occurs
tropomyosin moves off the actin molecules
96. When calcium binds to the muscle fiber a. tropomyosin moves off the actin molecules b. active sites on the myosin are exposed c. actin heads bind to myosin d. muscle contraction occurs e. all of the above
tropomyosin moves off the actin molecules
35. In skeletal muscle fibers, calcium binds to a. troponin. d. titin. b. tropomyosin. e. myosin. c. actin.
troponin
93. When a skeletal muscle is stimulated to contract, Ca++ binds to a. myosin c. tropomyosin e. none of these b. actin d. troponin
troponin
Inserts on trapezium & base of 1st metacarpal, abducts thumb
Abductor pollicis longus
15 In a contraction, the cross bridges interact with the active sites on _________. a. myosin filament c. troponin e. c & d b. actin filament d. tropomyosin
Actin filament
16. As a muscle relaxes, calcium is removed by a process called a. passive diffusion. d. osmosis b. facilitated diffusion. e. all of these c. active transport
Active transport
9. Which of the following is involved in skeletal muscle contraction? a. calcium c. actin and myosin e. none of these b. cross-bridge formation d. all of the above
All of the above
136. In general, where do the extensors of the wrist originate? a. lateral epicondyle of the humerus d. lesser tubercle of the humerus b. greater trochanter of the humerus e. none of these c. medial epicondyle of the humerus
a. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
23. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions? a. motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments b. neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, motor neuron action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ATP-driven power stroke c. muscle cell action potential, neurotransmitter release, ATP-driven power stroke, calcium ion release from SR, sliding of myofilaments d. neurotransmitter release, motor neuron action potential, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke e. none of the above
a. motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments
42. The head of cross bridges formed during contraction is located on the a. myosin filament c. troponin b. actin filament d. tropomyosin
a. myosin filament
97. Which of the following is involved in skeletal muscle contraction? a. acetylcholine c. actin and myosin e. none of these b. cross-bridge formation d. all of the above
all of the above
135. Which of the following muscles does not originate on the humerus? a. pronator teres d. extensor carpi ulnaris b. brachialis e. all of these originate on the humerus
all of these originate on the humerus
85. Acts to reverse or oppose the action of another muscle.
antagonist
32. In what order would a scalpel first penetrate these layers of connective tissue upon cutting into the biceps brachii muscle; (1) endomysium, (2) epimysium, (3) perimysium? a. 1, 3, 2 d. 3, 2, 1 b. 2, 3, 1 e. none of these c. 2, 1, 3
b. 2, 3, 1
19. What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles? a. Tropomyosin is the name of a contracting unit. b. Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on actin molecules. c. Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on myosin molecules. d. Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter. e. All of these are correct.
b. Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on actin molecules.
117. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of the motor neuron: a. calcium is released inside of the muscle fiber b. acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft c. acetylcholinesterease is released into the synaptic cleft d. physical contact between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber occurs e. none of these
b. acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft
179. Which of the following muscles has no attachment to the humerus? a. biceps brachii c. triceps brachii e. none of these b. brachialis d. all of these attach to the humerus
All of these attach to the humerus
98. A sarcomere is a. the functional unit of skeletal muscle b. part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. the area between two Z Lines d. both a and c e. all of the above
Both a and c
Origin on alveolar processes of maxilla & mandible, inserts on orbicularis oris
Buccinator
87. A general rule about the difference between an origin and insertion is A. the insertion remains stationary while the origin moves B. each muscle begins and ends at the insertion C. the insertion moves while the origin remains stationary D.each muscle begins and ends at the origin E. none of these
C. the insertion moves while the origin remains stationary
34. The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ___ ions. a. calcium d. potassium b. acetylcholine e. none of these c. sodium
Calcium
205. The prime mover(s) of inspiration is (are) the a. diaphragm c. internal intercostals e. none of these b. external intercostals d. abdominal wall muscles
Diaphragm
Two origins; fossa of mandible & mastoid notch of temporal bone,inserts on hyoid
Digastric
Origin on the borders of lower eight ribs (5-12), inserts on anterior iliac crest; abdominal oblique symphysis & superior margin of pubic bone, compresses abdomen, twisting at waist
Eternal abdominal oblique
Extends and radially (laterally) flexes the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Inserts on distal phalanx I, prime mover of thumb extension & adduction
Extensor pollicis longus
49. Once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract.
False
50. A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate.
False
55. Troponin is part of the thick filament of a sarcomere.
False
57. During isotonic contraction, the heavier the load, the faster the velocity of contraction.
False
58. During isometric contraction, the energy used appears as movement.
False
65. All three gluteal muscles insert on the greater trochanter of the femur.
False
67. The tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior are synergists in plantar flexion.
False
71. Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle.
False
74. The extensor digitorum longus is responsible for extension of the thumb.
False
75. The sternocleidomastoid muscle turns the head from side to side and extends the neck.
False
79. The terms biceps and triceps are used to indicate the number of insertions of a muscle.
False
80. The origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is the mastoid process of the skull.
False
83. Holds parts of the body in proper position for the action of other muscles.
Fixator
207. The pectoralis major muscle ________ and the latissimus dorsi muscle _______ the upper arm. a. extends, flexes d. abducts, adducts b. adducts, abducts e. none of these c. flexes, extends
Flexes, extends
176. Which of the following muscles is located in the posterior compartment of the leg? a. flexor digitorum longus d. extensor hallucis longus b. tibialis anterior e. all of these
Flexor Digitorium Longus
Inserts at base of metacarpal II and III, acts to flex wrist anteriorly & laterally
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin on medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon & posterior ulna, flexes wrist carpi ulnaris anteriorly & medially
Flexor carpi ulnaris
148. Inserts on medial surface of tibia, flexes & medially rotates hip
Gracilis
102. The ________ contains only the actin filaments.
I band
Origin on lateral surfaces of lateral pterygoid plate, greater wing of sphenoid bone, inserts on mandible and temporomandibular joint capsule
Lateral petrygoid
103. The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments.
Myosin
12. The head of cross bridges formed during contraction is located on the a. myosin filament c. troponin e. none of these b. actin filament d. tropomyosin
Myosin filament
Flexes phalanges of thumb
None of these
8. Each end of a sarcomere is marked by a. terminal cisternae. d. an A band b. an I band. e. none of these c. an H band
None of these (Z disc to Z disc)
104. Both actin and myosin are found in the ________.
A band
105. The myosin filaments are located in the ________.
A band
10. The energy currency used to produce muscle contraction is a. ADP c. ATP e. none of these b. myoglobin d. glycogen
ATP
Origin on coracoid process, superior glenoid cavity, inserts on radial tuberosity
Biceps brachii
155. Two "headed" muscle, inserts on head of fibula and, flexes knee
Biceps femoris
203. The muscle that is a prime mover for BOTH extension at the hip joint and knee flexion is a. semitendinosus c. quadriceps femoris e. none of these b. biceps femoris d. gastrocnemius
Biceps femoris
Origin on galea aponeurotica, inserts on skin of eyebrows, elevates eyebrows
Frontalis
Superficial muscle, inserts on calcaneus, plantar flexes foot & flexes knee
Gastrocnemius
149. Forms much of the prominence of the buttocks
Gluteus maximus
163. Muscles comprising the quadriceps group include: a. rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis b. rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus and adductor longus c. peroneus longus, gracilis, adductor magnus, and biceps femoris d. semitendinosus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris and vastus medialis e. none of the above
a. rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
40. The distance from one Z disc to the next is called the ____ and it ____ during contraction. a. sarcomere; shortens d. A band; stays the same b. sarcomere; stays the same e. motor unit; lengthens c. I band; shortens
a. sarcomere; shortens
43. When calcium binds to troponin, a. tropomyosin moves off the actin molecules b. active sites on the myosin are exposed c. actin heads bind to myosin d. muscle contraction occurs e. all of the above
a. tropomyosin moves off the actin molecules
107. A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals.
acetylcholine
17. The neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction is a. acteylcholinesterase d. choline b. epinephrine e. none of these c. acetylcholine
acetylcholine
111. Destroys ACh
acetylcholinesterase
95. In a contraction, the cross bridges interact with the active sites on _________. a. actin c. troponin e. none of these b. myosin d. tropomyosin
actin
106. Serves as the actual ʺtriggerʺ for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules.
calcium ions
109. Activate synaptic vesicles in axon terminals.
calcium ions
Thick
contains myosin
Origin on coracoid process of scapula, flexes and medially rotates arm minor at shoulder joint
coracobrachalis
138. Responsible for lateral rotation of the forearm and hand
supinator
Turns the forearm and hand to anatomical position
supinator
Origin on supraspinous fossa of scapula; inserts on greater tubercle of humerus
supraspinatus
86. Assists an agonist work efficiently.
synergist
165. Muscles that cause plantar flexion include all but the a. gastrocnemius c. soleus e. none of these b. flexor digitorum longus d. tibialis anterior
tibialis anterior
166. The muscle which dorsiflexes the foot is the a. popliteus d. soleus b. tibialis anterior e. tibialis posterior c. gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior
177. Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint? a. tibialis posterior d. peroneus longus b. extensor digitorum longus e. none of these c. popliteus
tibialis posterior
Origin on temporal line & fossa of cranium; elevates & retracts mandible
Temporalis
25. Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle.
Perimysium
84. Bears the major responsibility for producing a particular movement.
Prime mover (agonist)
18. Myoglobin ______________________ a. breaks down glycogen. b. is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP. c. stores oxygen in muscle cells. d. produces the action potential in a muscle contraction. e. none of these.
Stores oxygen in muscles cells
Origin on subscapular fossa of scapula, inserts on lesser tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis
110. Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group. A reserve high-energy compound.
creatine phosphate
38. Which of the following supports the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction? a. The A band decreases in width during contraction. b. The I band increases in width during contraction. c. The A band increases in width during contraction. d. The distance between the Z lines decreases during contraction. e. The distance between Z lines increase during contraction.
d. The distance between the Z lines decreases during contraction.
130. The principle flexors of the forearm are the a. biceps brachii and coracobrachialis. d. biceps brachii and brachialis b. brachioradialis and brachialis. e. biceps brachii and triceps brachii c. subscapularis and coracobrachialis.
d. biceps brachii and brachialis
146. The principle flexors of the forearm are the a. biceps brachii and coracobrachialis. d. biceps brachii and brachialis b. brachioradialis and brachialis. e. none of these c. subscapularis and coracobrachialis.
d. biceps brachii and brachialis
100. The connective tissue coverings of a skeletal muscle, listed from superficial to deep are a. endomysium, perimysium and epimysium b. endomysium, epimysium and perimysium c. epimysium, endomysium and perimysium d. epimysium, perimysium and endomysium e. none of these
d. epimysium, perimysium and endomysium
21. Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by _______________? a. forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin b. forming a chemical compound with actin c. inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments d. storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to remake ATP e. none of these
d. storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to remake ATP
114. The major regulatory proteins in muscle tissue are: a. myosin and tropomyosin b. myosin and actin c. actin and troponin d. troponin and tropomyosin e. none of these
d. troponin and tropomyosin
129. Which of the following muscles does not originate on the humerus? a. pronator teres d. extensor carpi ulnaris b. brachialis e. all of these originate on the humerus c. flexor carpi ulnaris
e. all of these originate on the humerus
30. Cord-like extension of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
tendon
Origin on inferior angle of scapula, inserts on medial sulcus of humeral shaft contributes to arm swinging.
teres major
20. What does oxygen debt represent? a. amount of energy needed for exertion. b. difference between the amount of oxygen needed for aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used. c. the amount of oxygen taken into the body prior to exertion. d. the amount of oxygen taken into the body immediately after the exertion. e. all of these.
the amount of oxygen taken into the body immediately after the exertion.
99. The function of the T (transverse) tubules in muscle contraction is to a. make and store glycogen b. release calcium into the cell interior and pick it up again c. transmit the action potential deep into the muscle cells d. form proteins e. none of these
transmit the action potential deep into the muscle cells
Origin on medial supraorbital margin; draws eyebrows medially & downward
Corrugator supercilii
175. Identify the three gluteal muscles. A. gluteus maximus, gluteus intermedius, gluteus minimus B. gluteus maximus, gluteus intermedius, gluteus lateralis C. gluteus femoris, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus D. gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus E.none of these
D. gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
183. The muscle of the forearm that flexes and adducts the wrist is the a. extensor carpi radialis longus c. flexor carpi ulnaris e. none of these b. extensor carpi ulnaris d. flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
186. The muscle that flexes the thumb is the a. flexor carpi radialis c. flexor pollicis longus e. none of these b. extensor pollicis longus a. extensor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis longus
162. Identify the three gluteal muscles. A. gluteus maximus, gluteus intermedius, gluteus minimus B .gluteus maximus, gluteus intermedius, gluteus lateralis C. gluteus femoris, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus D. gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus E. none of the above
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
187. In general, where do the flexors of the wrist originate? A. lateral epicondyle of the humerus B. greater trochanter of the humerus C. medial epicondyle of the humerus D. lesser tubercle of the humerus E. none of these
medial epicondyle of the humerus
170. Of the muscles that act on the ankle, those on the posterior surface of the leg are involved in a. adduction d. dorsiflexion b. plantar flexion e. none of these c. abduction
Plantar Flexion
199. Of the muscles that move the foot and toes, those on the posterior leg primarily surface are involved in a. dorsiflexion d. adduction b. plantar flexion e. none of these c. abduction
Plantar flexion
Origin on fascia of deltoid & pectoralis major, inserts on mandible
Platysma
185. The muscle primarily responsible for medial rotation of the forearm and hand is the a. flexor carpi radialis c. flexor pollicis longus e. none of these b. pronator quadratus d. supinator
Pronator quadratus
160. Which of the following muscles would be well developed in a football player whose specialty is kicking field goals? a. semitendinosus c. quadriceps femoris e. none of these b. biceps femoris d. gastrocnemius
Quadriceps femoris
Origin on transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C1-C7, inserts on ribs 1-2
Scalenes
Origin on styloid process of temporal bone; draws tongue upward & posteriorly
Styloglossus
180. The muscle of the forearm that acts to laterally rotate the forearm and hand is the a. extensor carpi radialis longus c. flexor carpi ulnaris e. none of theseb. b. pronator quadratus d. supinator
Supinator
189. Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon? a. the semitendinosus d. the gastrocnemius b. the sartorius e. all of these c. the tibialis anterior
The gastrocnemius
161. Crossing your legs while sitting employs mainly a. the sartorius. d. the pectineus. b. the superior gemellus. e. the bulbocavernosus. c. the piriformis.
The sartotius
164. The Achilles or calcaneal tendon serves both the gastrocnemius and a. the tibialis posterior c. the soleus e. none of these b. the extensor digitorum longus d. the popliteus
The soleus
7. In examining a sarcomere, which of the following statements is correct? A. The I band contains both actin and myosin. B. The Z lines establish the boundaries of the sarcomere. C. The H zone contains only actin filaments. D. The I band contains myosin filaments only. E. none of these is correct.
The z lines establish the boundaries of the sarcomere
Dorsiflexes & inverts foot at ankle.
Tibialis anterior
Origin on posterior proximal tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane, inserts on tarsal and metatarsal bones
Tibialis posterior
Composed of gastrocnemius and soleus
Triceps surae
184. The muscle of the forearm that extends and abducts the wrist is the a. extensor carpi radialis longus c. flexor carpi ulnaris e. none of these b. extensor carpi ulnaris d. flexor carpi radialis
a. extensor carpi radialis longus
197. Which are the three hamstring muscles? A. sartorius, semitendinosus, pectineus B. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, sartorius C. rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius D. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus E. none of these
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
208. The rotator cuff muscles associated with the support of the shoulder joint consist of all the following muscles except a. supraspinatus d. teres minor b. infraspinatus e. subscapularis c. deltoid
deltoid
Caps the shoulder, flexes, medially rotates arm
deltoid
Thick
does not lie in the I band
196. Which of the following muscles is located in the posterior compartment of the leg? a. flexor digitorum longus d. extensor hallucis longus b. tibialis anterior e. all of these c. extensor digitorum longus
flexor digitorium longus
159.. Which of the following muscles does not flex the hip? a. gluteus maximus c. psoas major e. all of these flex the hip b. sartorius d. iliacus
gluteus maximus
194. Identify the three gluteal muscles. A. gluteus maximus, gluteus intermedius, gluteus minimus B. gluteus maximus, gluteus intermedius, gluteus lateralis C. gluteus femoris, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus D. gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus E. none of these
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
154. Along with gluteus medius, origin is on external surface of ilum insertion on greater trochanter of femur
gluteus minimus
192. Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee? a. soleus d. hamstring muscles b. gluteal muscles e. none of these c. brachioradialis
hamstring muscles
153. Origin on iliac fossa, inserts on lesser trochanter of femur
iliacus
Origin on iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, inserts on ribs 10-12, costal cartilages 7-10, pubis
internal abdominal oblique
Origin on transverse process of C1-C4, elevates scapula
levator scapulae
Origin on medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla & palatine bone
medial petyrgoid
6. The sites where the motor nerve impulse is transmitted from the nerve endings to the skeletal muscle cell membranes are the a. neuromuscular junctions b. Z discs c. sarcomeres d all of these e. myofilaments
neuromuscular junctions
Surface muscle on anterior chest, flexes, adducts and rotates humerus medially
pectoralis major
152. Inserts on tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, extends knee
quadriceps femoris
202. Which of the following would be well developed in a football player whose specialty is kicking field goals? a. semitendinosus c. quadriceps femoris e. none of these b. biceps femoris d. gastrocnemius
quadriceps femoris
178. All of the following muscles are synergists in flexing the elbow joint except a. the biceps brachii c. the brachioradialis e. none of these b. the brachialis d. all of these flex the elbow
the brachialis
167. Tom is having trouble plantar flexing and inverting his right foot. Which muscle(s) is/are most likely involved in this problem? a. tibialis posterior d. fibularis longus b. flexor digitorum longus e. none of these c. tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
191. Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint? a. tibialis posterior d. peroneus longus b. extensor digitorum longus e. none of these c. popliteus
tibialis posterior
Origin on iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages these 7-12, inserts on linea alba, pubis and internal oblique
transverse abdominis
Thin
Contains actin
Thin
Contains troponin
181. The muscle of the forearm that flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist is the a. extensor carpi radialis longus c. flexor carpi ulnaris e. none of these b. extensor carpi ulnaris d. flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexes phalanges of toes II-V
Flexor digitorium longus
206. The coracobrachialis and pectoralis major muscles are ________ of the upper arm. a. flexors d. extensors b. abductors e. none of these c. antagonists
Flexors
201. A prime mover of hip extension is a. rectus femoris c. iliacus e. none of these b. gluteus maximus d. gracilis
Gluteus maximus
174. Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee? a. soleus d. hamstring muscles b. gluteal muscles e. none of these c. brachioradialis
Hamstring Muscles
Origin on body & greater horn of hyoid bone, depresses tongue
Hyoglossus
Origin on zygomatic arch, inserts on lateral surface of mandibular angle & ramus
None of these
Origin on nuchal line of occipital bone and temporal bones, retracts scalp
Occipitals
200. Muscles comprising the quadriceps group include: a. rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis b. rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus and adductor longus c. peroneus longus, gracilis, adductor magnus, and biceps femoris d. biceps femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis e. none of the above
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
168. Which are the three hamstring muscles? A. sartorius, semitendinosus, pectineus B. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, sartorius C. quadriceps femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius D. semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris E. none of these
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
171. Which are the three hamstring muscles? A. sartorius, semitendinosus, pectineus B. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, sartorius C.rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius D. semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris e. none of these
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
198. Both the gastrocnemius and ________ muscle insert on the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon. a. semimembranosus d. tibialis anterior b. tibialis posterior e. none of these c. soleus
soleus