A&P 21 B

Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity? *infection *antivenoms *vaccines *antibodies received in breast milk

Vaccines

What activates CD8 cells? *peptides containing 14-17 amino acids *exogenous antigens *antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins *antigens on class II MHC proteins

antigen fragments on class I MHC protein

Which of the following are mismatched? *AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): helper T cells are destroyed by a virus *severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID): genetic defect resulting in a shortage of B and/or T cells *immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis *multiple sclerosis: autoimmune disorder

immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? pathogen antigen an antigenic determinant antibody

An antigenic determinate

Which of the following exemplifies passive immunity? vaccine booster shots antitoxin infection vaccine

Anitoxin

What type of cell is a precursor to the cytotoxic T cell? *CD4 cell *CD8 cell *activated T cell *regulatory T cell

CD8 cell

Antigens bound to MHC II activate __________. *helper T cells *cytotoxic T cells *macrophages *B cells

Helper T cell

Which cell of the immune system is absolutely required for an adaptive immune response in that it helps activate both humoral and cellular immune responses? *antigen-presenting cell *helper T cell *plasma cell *cytotoxic T cell

Helper T cell

__________ are lymphocytes that coordinate cellular and humoral immune responses. *Cytotoxic T cells *Helper T cells *B cells *Regulatory T cells

Helper T cell

What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient? cell-mediated immunity cellular immunity humoral immunit

Humoral unity

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system? innate external defenses adaptive defenses innate internal defenses

Innate Internal defenses

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system? innate external defenses innate internal defenses adaptive defenses

Innate external defenses

Which of the following do NOT serve as antigen-presenting cells (APC)? *macrophages *dendritic cells *natural killer cells *B cells

Natural Killer cell

_________ immunity protects a baby who is fed breast milk. Natural passive Artificial passive Artificial active Natural active

Natural Passive

Cellular immunity is attributed to the action of __________. *interferons *antibodies. *T cells *complement protein

T cell

Choose the true statement regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response.

A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells.

What type of cell is the precursor to the helper T cell? *memory T cell *CD4 cell *regulatory T cell *CD8 cell

CD4 cell

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated? humoral immunity cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity) antibody-mediated immunity

Cell-mediated Immunity (Cellular Immunity)

Which mechanism of antibody action results in cell lysis? *agglutination *complement fixation and activation *neutralization *precipitation

Complement fixation and activation

What part of the antibody's structure determines its class? What part of the antibody's structure determines its class? *light (L) chain *constant (C) region *variable (V) region *heavy (H) cha

Constant Region (C)

__________ are lymphocytes that directly kill virus- infected cells. *Macrophages *Helper T cells *B cells *Cytotoxic T cells

Cyotoxic T cells

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells? B cells Cytotoxic T cells macrophages

Cytotoxic T cell

Which type of T cell will recognize antigens associated with an allograft? *regulatory T (TReg) cell *CD8 cells *cytotoxin T (TC) cell *helper T (TH) cells

Cytotoxin T (TC) cell

What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells? *regulatory T (TReg) cells *helper T (TH) cells *cytotoxic T (TC) cells *APC

Cytotxoic T (TC) cells

Which immunoglobulin class can cross the placenta to provide naturally acquired passive immunity to the fetus? *IgG *IgD *IgA *IgM

IgG

__________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in plasma. *IgM *IgA *IgG *IgE

IgG 75-85% of antibodies in plasma

What is the first antibody released in the primary response and usually indicates infection? *IgG *IgA *IgM *IgD

IgM

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells check cells of the body for identity flags to see if they look they way they are supposed to. What is this process called? anergy immune surveillance opsonization complement fixation

Immune Surveillance

How would you classify the antivenom used to treat poisonous snake bites? *passive immunity, artificially acquired *active immunity, artificially acquired *passive immunity, naturally acquired *active immunity, naturally acquired

Passive immunity, artificially acquired

What cells make antibodies? plasma B cells cytotoxic T cells memory T cells memory B cells

Plasma B cell

Why are children given vaccinations? *to see whether the immune system is capable of defense against disease *to develop a disease in a mild state rather than have it later on in a more serious state *to activate the cell-mediated defense against pathogens *to develop memory cells against various diseases

To develop memory cells against various diseases

Which class of tissue graft is the least likely to be accepted by a patient's body? *allograft *isograft *xenograft *autograft

Xenograft

Which of the following mechanisms of antibody action occur when red blood cells clump due to a transfusion of mismatched blood? *complement fixation and activation *neutralization *precipitation *agglutination

aggultination