A&P 21 B
Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity? *infection *antivenoms *vaccines *antibodies received in breast milk
Vaccines
What activates CD8 cells? *peptides containing 14-17 amino acids *exogenous antigens *antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins *antigens on class II MHC proteins
antigen fragments on class I MHC protein
Which of the following are mismatched? *AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): helper T cells are destroyed by a virus *severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID): genetic defect resulting in a shortage of B and/or T cells *immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis *multiple sclerosis: autoimmune disorder
immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis
What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? pathogen antigen an antigenic determinant antibody
An antigenic determinate
Which of the following exemplifies passive immunity? vaccine booster shots antitoxin infection vaccine
Anitoxin
What type of cell is a precursor to the cytotoxic T cell? *CD4 cell *CD8 cell *activated T cell *regulatory T cell
CD8 cell
Antigens bound to MHC II activate __________. *helper T cells *cytotoxic T cells *macrophages *B cells
Helper T cell
Which cell of the immune system is absolutely required for an adaptive immune response in that it helps activate both humoral and cellular immune responses? *antigen-presenting cell *helper T cell *plasma cell *cytotoxic T cell
Helper T cell
__________ are lymphocytes that coordinate cellular and humoral immune responses. *Cytotoxic T cells *Helper T cells *B cells *Regulatory T cells
Helper T cell
What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient? cell-mediated immunity cellular immunity humoral immunit
Humoral unity
Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system? innate external defenses adaptive defenses innate internal defenses
Innate Internal defenses
Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system? innate external defenses innate internal defenses adaptive defenses
Innate external defenses
Which of the following do NOT serve as antigen-presenting cells (APC)? *macrophages *dendritic cells *natural killer cells *B cells
Natural Killer cell
_________ immunity protects a baby who is fed breast milk. Natural passive Artificial passive Artificial active Natural active
Natural Passive
Cellular immunity is attributed to the action of __________. *interferons *antibodies. *T cells *complement protein
T cell
Choose the true statement regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response.
A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells.
What type of cell is the precursor to the helper T cell? *memory T cell *CD4 cell *regulatory T cell *CD8 cell
CD4 cell
If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated? humoral immunity cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity) antibody-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated Immunity (Cellular Immunity)
Which mechanism of antibody action results in cell lysis? *agglutination *complement fixation and activation *neutralization *precipitation
Complement fixation and activation
What part of the antibody's structure determines its class? What part of the antibody's structure determines its class? *light (L) chain *constant (C) region *variable (V) region *heavy (H) cha
Constant Region (C)
__________ are lymphocytes that directly kill virus- infected cells. *Macrophages *Helper T cells *B cells *Cytotoxic T cells
Cyotoxic T cells
Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells? B cells Cytotoxic T cells macrophages
Cytotoxic T cell
Which type of T cell will recognize antigens associated with an allograft? *regulatory T (TReg) cell *CD8 cells *cytotoxin T (TC) cell *helper T (TH) cells
Cytotoxin T (TC) cell
What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells? *regulatory T (TReg) cells *helper T (TH) cells *cytotoxic T (TC) cells *APC
Cytotxoic T (TC) cells
Which immunoglobulin class can cross the placenta to provide naturally acquired passive immunity to the fetus? *IgG *IgD *IgA *IgM
IgG
__________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in plasma. *IgM *IgA *IgG *IgE
IgG 75-85% of antibodies in plasma
What is the first antibody released in the primary response and usually indicates infection? *IgG *IgA *IgM *IgD
IgM
Cytotoxic T (TC) cells check cells of the body for identity flags to see if they look they way they are supposed to. What is this process called? anergy immune surveillance opsonization complement fixation
Immune Surveillance
How would you classify the antivenom used to treat poisonous snake bites? *passive immunity, artificially acquired *active immunity, artificially acquired *passive immunity, naturally acquired *active immunity, naturally acquired
Passive immunity, artificially acquired
What cells make antibodies? plasma B cells cytotoxic T cells memory T cells memory B cells
Plasma B cell
Why are children given vaccinations? *to see whether the immune system is capable of defense against disease *to develop a disease in a mild state rather than have it later on in a more serious state *to activate the cell-mediated defense against pathogens *to develop memory cells against various diseases
To develop memory cells against various diseases
Which class of tissue graft is the least likely to be accepted by a patient's body? *allograft *isograft *xenograft *autograft
Xenograft
Which of the following mechanisms of antibody action occur when red blood cells clump due to a transfusion of mismatched blood? *complement fixation and activation *neutralization *precipitation *agglutination
aggultination