A&P CH 1 McGraw

surface anatomy

a focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

systemic anatomy

a study of each body system

respiratory physiology

a study of how gas exchange occurs

embryology

a study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

neurophysiology

an examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body

comparative anatomy

an examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species

regional anatomy

an examination of the structures in a particular region

visualizing the body in the _____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions

anatomical position

_____ are scientists who study the structure and form of organisms

anatomist

_____ studies the small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body

anatomy

_____ is the scientific discipline that studies the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs; whereas, _____ is the discipline in which the function of body structures is the focus

anatomy/physiology

the anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm is

antebrachial

the correct anatomical term for front of the elbow is

antecubital

_____ means "in front of" when using anatomic directional terms

anterior

_____ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element

atoms

the _____ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk

axial

examples of positive feedback loop

blood clotting, breast feeding, and childbirth

effectors

blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver

homeostasis

body temperature returns to normal

control centers are generally portions of the:

brain, thyroid gland, and spinal cord

mammary is to _____ as barchial is to arm

breast

cranial

caudal

the abdomen is _____ to the head

caudal

the anatomical term for head is

cephalic

negative feedback regulation

changes in blood pressure when exercising and changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2

stimulus

cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal

_____ integrates input and initiates change

control center

hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature

control center

nervous system

controls body movement and conducts impulses of internal communication

the _____ would divide the chest from back

coronal plane

the anatomical term for hip is

coxal

superficial

deep

ventral

dorsal

_____ brings about a change in response to the stimulus

effector

blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete sweat

effectors

vertebral is to spinal column as olecranal is to

elbow

the anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is _____ region

fibular

receptors

free nerve endings in the skin detect cold

reproductive physiology

gamete production and related hormones and physiology cycles

the anatomical term for buttock is

gluteal

_____ describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye

gross anatomy

control center

hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature

the anatomical term describing the groin is

ingunal

visceral

inner wall

the median space in the thoracic cavity is called the _____

mediastinum

the _____ would divide the head into a left half and a right half (one ear, one eye, etc.)

midsagittal plane

a plane that passes through the body at an angle is called a(n)

oblique plane

in a negative feedback process, the resulting action will always be in the _____ direction of the stimulus

opposite

characteristics of living things

organization, metabolism, growth and development. reproduction, responsiveness to stimuli, and regulation of internal functions

parietal

outer wall

the _____ lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

parietal peritoneum

the _____ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

parietal pleura

_____ examines anatomic changes resulting from disease

pathologic anatomy

the correct anatomical term for chest is

pectoral

a serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the

peritoneum

the anatomical term for fingers and toes is

phalanges

scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called

physiologist

_____ examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through the digestive tract

physiology

_____ focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work

physiology

the anatomical term for the thumb is

pollex

when a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best described as

positive feedback

in regards to the axial region, the _____ aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone

posterior

in terms of anatomic directional terms, _____ means in back of or toward the back surface

posterior

muscular system

produces body movement and heat

integumentary system

provides protection, regulates body temperature, prevents water loss

skeletal system

provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis

distal

proximal

_____ investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures

radiographic anatomy

_____ perceives a stimulus

receptors

organs in the skin detect heat

receptors

examples of negative feedback regulation

regulating heart rate, withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass, and regulating blood pressure

a plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but is either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane is termed a _____ (unequal left and right)

sagittal plane

the _____ extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions

sagittal plane

the _____ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis

scientific

negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a

set point

which of the following body structures can serve as effectors?

smooth muscles of bronchioles and insulin secreting cells of pancreas

vigorous exercise raises body temperature

stimulus

anatomy is the study of

structure and form

the anatomical term for the calf is

sural

the anatomical term for ankle is

tarsal

organs of the cranial cavity include

the brain

umbilical

the center of the nine regions

_____ is an accurate description of the anatomic position

the eyes look forward, and the head level

cardiovascular physiology

the function of the heart, blood and blood vessels are examined

_____ is an example of a directional term that is correct

the heart is medial to the lungs

epigastric

the region above the umbilical region

right hypochondriac

the region to the right of the epigastric region

right iliac

the region to the right of the hypogastric region

histology refers to

the study of tissues

the heart and lungs are organs in the

thoracic cavity

the _____ plane would separate the nose and mouth into superior and inferior structures

transverse

the _____ can pass in between the chest (thorax) and the abdomen

transverse plane

true or false: as the human body grows in size, structures such as the brain become more complex

true

true or false: mose homeostasis variables aren't constant over time, but fluctuate around a set point

true

the anatomical term for naval is

umbilical

the _____ is the central point when the abdomen is divided into four quadrants

umbilicus

the _____ canal contains the spinal cord

vertebral

the _____ pericardium forms the hearts external surfaces

visceral

the _____ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs

visceral peritoneum

serous membranes form two layers: a _____ layer and a _____ layer

visceral/parietal