A&P CH 1 McGraw
surface anatomy
a focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them
systemic anatomy
a study of each body system
respiratory physiology
a study of how gas exchange occurs
embryology
a study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth
neurophysiology
an examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body
comparative anatomy
an examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species
regional anatomy
an examination of the structures in a particular region
visualizing the body in the _____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions
anatomical position
_____ are scientists who study the structure and form of organisms
anatomist
_____ studies the small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body
anatomy
_____ is the scientific discipline that studies the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs; whereas, _____ is the discipline in which the function of body structures is the focus
anatomy/physiology
the anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm is
antebrachial
the correct anatomical term for front of the elbow is
antecubital
_____ means "in front of" when using anatomic directional terms
anterior
_____ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element
atoms
the _____ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk
axial
examples of positive feedback loop
blood clotting, breast feeding, and childbirth
effectors
blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver
homeostasis
body temperature returns to normal
control centers are generally portions of the:
brain, thyroid gland, and spinal cord
mammary is to _____ as barchial is to arm
breast
cranial
caudal
the abdomen is _____ to the head
caudal
the anatomical term for head is
cephalic
negative feedback regulation
changes in blood pressure when exercising and changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2
stimulus
cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal
_____ integrates input and initiates change
control center
hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature
control center
nervous system
controls body movement and conducts impulses of internal communication
the _____ would divide the chest from back
coronal plane
the anatomical term for hip is
coxal
superficial
deep
ventral
dorsal
_____ brings about a change in response to the stimulus
effector
blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete sweat
effectors
vertebral is to spinal column as olecranal is to
elbow
the anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is _____ region
fibular
receptors
free nerve endings in the skin detect cold
reproductive physiology
gamete production and related hormones and physiology cycles
the anatomical term for buttock is
gluteal
_____ describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye
gross anatomy
control center
hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature
the anatomical term describing the groin is
ingunal
visceral
inner wall
the median space in the thoracic cavity is called the _____
mediastinum
the _____ would divide the head into a left half and a right half (one ear, one eye, etc.)
midsagittal plane
a plane that passes through the body at an angle is called a(n)
oblique plane
in a negative feedback process, the resulting action will always be in the _____ direction of the stimulus
opposite
characteristics of living things
organization, metabolism, growth and development. reproduction, responsiveness to stimuli, and regulation of internal functions
parietal
outer wall
the _____ lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
parietal peritoneum
the _____ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall
parietal pleura
_____ examines anatomic changes resulting from disease
pathologic anatomy
the correct anatomical term for chest is
pectoral
a serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the
peritoneum
the anatomical term for fingers and toes is
phalanges
scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called
physiologist
_____ examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through the digestive tract
physiology
_____ focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work
physiology
the anatomical term for the thumb is
pollex
when a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best described as
positive feedback
in regards to the axial region, the _____ aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone
posterior
in terms of anatomic directional terms, _____ means in back of or toward the back surface
posterior
muscular system
produces body movement and heat
integumentary system
provides protection, regulates body temperature, prevents water loss
skeletal system
provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis
distal
proximal
_____ investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures
radiographic anatomy
_____ perceives a stimulus
receptors
organs in the skin detect heat
receptors
examples of negative feedback regulation
regulating heart rate, withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass, and regulating blood pressure
a plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but is either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane is termed a _____ (unequal left and right)
sagittal plane
the _____ extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions
sagittal plane
the _____ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis
scientific
negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a
set point
which of the following body structures can serve as effectors?
smooth muscles of bronchioles and insulin secreting cells of pancreas
vigorous exercise raises body temperature
stimulus
anatomy is the study of
structure and form
the anatomical term for the calf is
sural
the anatomical term for ankle is
tarsal
organs of the cranial cavity include
the brain
umbilical
the center of the nine regions
_____ is an accurate description of the anatomic position
the eyes look forward, and the head level
cardiovascular physiology
the function of the heart, blood and blood vessels are examined
_____ is an example of a directional term that is correct
the heart is medial to the lungs
epigastric
the region above the umbilical region
right hypochondriac
the region to the right of the epigastric region
right iliac
the region to the right of the hypogastric region
histology refers to
the study of tissues
the heart and lungs are organs in the
thoracic cavity
the _____ plane would separate the nose and mouth into superior and inferior structures
transverse
the _____ can pass in between the chest (thorax) and the abdomen
transverse plane
true or false: as the human body grows in size, structures such as the brain become more complex
true
true or false: mose homeostasis variables aren't constant over time, but fluctuate around a set point
true
the anatomical term for naval is
umbilical
the _____ is the central point when the abdomen is divided into four quadrants
umbilicus
the _____ canal contains the spinal cord
vertebral
the _____ pericardium forms the hearts external surfaces
visceral
the _____ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs
visceral peritoneum
serous membranes form two layers: a _____ layer and a _____ layer
visceral/parietal
