A&P Ch. 2 Textbook Review Questions

18. Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction? a. hydrogen and hydrogen b. hydrogen and helium c. helium and helium d. neon and helium

a. hydrogen and hydrogen

14. The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________. a. potential energy b. kinetic energy c. radiant energy d. activation energy

a. potential

6. The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ________. a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. atoms.

a. protons

11. When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes a. an ion b. an anion c. nonpolar d. all of the above

b. an anion

28. A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule? a. polysaccharides b. nucleic acids c. phosphorylated glucose d. glycogen

b. nucleic acids

20. CH4 is methane. This compound is ________. a. inorganic b. organic c. reactive d. a crystal

b. organic

15. The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction. a. catabolic b. synthesis c. decomposition d. exchange.

b. synthesis

8. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have? a. one b. two c. three d. four

b. two

25. C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________. a. polymer of carbohydrate b. pentose monosaccharide c. hexose monosaccharide d. all of the above

c. hexose monosaccharide

10. A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with ________. a. ionic bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. polar covalent bonds d. hydrogen bonds

c. polar covalent bonds

17. ________ reactions release energy. a. Catabolic b. Exergonic c. Decomposition d. Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

d. catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

30. In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n) ________. a. beta chain b. pleated sheet c. alpha helix d. double helix

d. double helix

4. Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These include ________. a. calcium, magnesium, iron, and carbon b. oxygen, calcium, iron, and nitrogen c. sodium, chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

22. Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolatechip batter is an example of a ________. a. solvent b. solute c. solution d. suspension

d. suspension

27. Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins? a. phosphate b. adenine c. amino d. ribose

c. amino

16. AB → A + B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction. a. anabolic b. endergonic c. decomposition d. exchange

c. decomposition

Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound? a. H2O b. 2H c. H2 d. H+

c. H2

26. What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel? a. glucose b. glycogen c. galactose d. glycerol

a. glucose

24. Ty is three years old and as a result of a "stomach bug" has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean? a. Ty's blood is slightly acidic. b. Ty's blood is slightly alkaline. c. Ty's blood is highly acidic. d. Ty's blood is within the normal range.

b. Ty's blood is slightly alkaline

12. A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) ________. a. noble gas b. salt c. electrolyte d. dipole

b. salt

32. The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________. a. selectivity b. specificity c. subjectivity d. specialty

b. specificity

19. Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________. a. the inside of the mouth maintains a very high temperature b. chewing stores potential energy c. chewing facilitates synthesis reactions d. saliva contains enzymes

d. saliva contains enzymes

13. Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true? a. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds. b. Hydrogen bonds occur between two atoms of hydrogen. c. Bonding readily occurs between nonpolar and polar molecules. d. A molecule of water is unlikely to bond with an ion.

c. bonding readily occurs between nonpolar and polar molecules

5. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an ________. a. electron b. atom c. elemental particle d. isotope

b. atom