A&P ch6

Thinning of the hair, or baldness, is also called:

Alopecia

Which of the following best describes the function of the subcutaneous layer

An energy reservoir and thermal regulation

Mammary glands are modified versions of which type of gland?

Apocrine

What is the skin condition that results from deficiency of oxygen in the blood?

Cyanosis

Where is the hypodermis located?

Deep in the dermis

What structure nourishes the hair cells.

Dermal papilla

Which structure nourishes the hair cell?

Dermal papilla

Which structure nourishes the hair cells?

Dermal papilla

Cells in the epidermis are nourished by blood vessels located in which of the following?

Dermis

Which skin layer has the hair follicles and nail roots embedded in it?

Dermis

Identify the components of the integumentary system:

Dermis, epidermis, cutaneous gland, hair

The term ____________ describes the condition in which sweat is produced, causing noticeably wet skin during circulatory shock or exercise.

Diaphoresis

Name the narrow zone of dead skin that commonly overhangs the proximal end of the nail

Eponychium (cuticle)

The hairs of the ________ enhances facial expression and keep sweat out of eyes.

Eyebrows

Which structure shield the eyes from windblown debris with a quick blink?

Eyelashes

Hair grows in diagonal tubes called the ________

Follicles

Which structure is covered by thin skin?

Forearm

A __________, also called a bruise, is a mass of clotted showing through the skin.

Hematoma

The layer called the _________ is located deep in the dermis

Hyperdermis

Name the connective tissue layer that lies between the skin and the deeper muscle or other tissue.

Hypodermis

The skin underlying the nail plate is the nail bed, and its epidermis is called the ___________

Hyponychium

Describe the effect of exposure to UV rays on the skin

Increases melanin synthesis.

The ___________ system consists of the skin and its accessory organs.

Integumentary

Thermoregulation, sensory reception, vitamin D production and protection are all functions of the _______ system

Integumentary

Sensing changes in the environment:

Is a major function in the skin

In cross section, a hair has three concentric layers. What are the layers starting with the most outermost and ending with the most innermost layer.

Made of keratinized cells 1. cuticle (the outermost layer) 2. cortex (surrounds medulla) 3. medulla (central core)

The appearance of the fingernail can be valuable in determining which of the following?

Medical diagnosis, dietary deficiencies, and oxygen needs.

Name the common types of hemangioma

Port-wine, capillary, carvenous

The __________ is the heaviest organ in the human body.

Skin

The single layer of cuboidal epidermal cells that are actively mitotic and replaces superficial cells are found in which epidermal layer?

Stratum basale

What cells respond to light touch?

Tactile cells (merkel-ranvier cells)

_________ cells are skin cells with a sensory role

Tactile/merkel disc/cells , which also describes the tactile cell and nerve fiber.

In the process of thermoregulation, cutaneous nerve endings monitor the ____________ of the body surface

Temperature

Which of the following stimuli commonly lead to the contraction of the piloerector muscles?

Touch, fear, cold

Which of the following is the primary component of perspiration?

Water

The skin functions as an important barrier to which of the following?

Water, microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation

the epidermis of the nail bed is called the __________

hyponychium

The hair, nails and cutaneous glands are known as ____________ organs of the skin.

Accessory. These contribute to functions to the main organ or system.

The condition called ___________ is a genetic lack of melanin that usually results in milky white hair and skin and blue-grey eyes.

Albinism

Sex pheromones are secreted from __________ sweat glands

Apocrine

The type of skin cancer known as ____________ cell carcinoma is the least deadly because it seldom metabolizes

Basal

Perspiration has pH of 4 to 6 and contains about 99% water. This composition:

COntributes to the acid mantle and inhibits bacterial growth on the skin

Mechanical stress from manual labour accelerates keratinocyte multiplication. This results in formation of _________ or corns on the hands and feet.

Callus

___________ glands secrete a substance that combines with sebum to keep the eardrum protected and prevent foreign particles from entering the canal.

Ceruminous

The dermis consists of connective tissues, with ____________ as the most common fiber type within the layer.

Collagen

Fingernails and toenails are hard derivatives of the stratum ___________ of the epidermis.

Corneum

Active cell division in the __________ allows the skin to regenerate quickly,

Epidermis

The arrow of the left of the figure is pointing to the _____________ layer of the skin.

Epidermis

The skin is composed of which of the following?

Epidermis and dermis only

What are the layers of skin from most superficial layer and ending with the deepest layer

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.

Within a hair follicle, the ________ root sheath is an extension of the epidermis, and lies adjacent to the hair root

Epithelial

Within a hair follicle, the __________ root sheath is an extension of the epidermis, and lies adjacent to the hair root.

Epithelial

TRUE OR FALSE: During a manicure, it is the nail matrix that is being trimmed.

False. THe nail matrix is the area of growth of the nail located deep at the proximal end of the nail plate. It is the free edge of that is trimmed during a manicure.

True or false: skin markings include hematomas, creases and friction ridges.

False. hematomas are transient manifestations of damage to the skin, a brusing. Creases and friction ridges are skin markings Hematomas are large pools of blood on the inside of the skin, like a bruise but all red. (hematomatoes)

What term refers to the markings on the fingertips that leave distinctive oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch?

Friction ridges

The pilus (hair) grows inside of which of the following?

Hair follicle

Which of the following are examples of when you would typically observe cyanosis.

In a patient with emphysema, under cold conditions, in a drowning victim.

Which of the following are factors in determining whether individuals have darker or lighter skin?

In darker skin, the melanin breaks down more slowly and the melanocytes produce more melanin. The melanin granules in the keratocytes are more spread out in darker skin but are more tightly clumped in lighter skin; but people with different skin tones have the same amount of melanocytes

What are functions of skin?

It begins the process of vitamin D synthesis. It acts as an important barrier to water and UV radiation. Skin is considered a sense organ.

A condition called _________ is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Jaundice

_____________ is a protein produced in the cells of the epidermis that improves its durability and resistance to infection.

Keratin

The majority of cells found in the epidermis are what?

Keratinocytes

Placing the three kinds of hair in which they grow over the course of our lives. The top of your lists should contain the type of hair that appears first in a fetus.

Lanugo, vellus, terminal hair

Lamellar corpuscle

Looks like a weird yellow nerve thing not attached to the hair follicle. Melvin and i got it wrong :( dumbdoodoo

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ____________

Lunule

A hair is formed by mitotic cells in which region?

Matrix

Which term refers to the core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces that is prominent in thick hair?

Medulla

Grey and white hair result from the absence of ____________ in the cortex of the hair and the presence of air in the hair medulla.

Melanin

The color or lack of color of hair is due to the pigment called _____________

Melanin

Name the feature of the skin that protects the body from UV damage

Melanin deposited in keratnocytes

____________ are elevated patches of skin that are harmless and sometimes regarded as ''beauty marks''

Moles

Which of the following are found in the dermis?

Nerve endings, fibers, glands, and blood vessels

Sebaceous glands produce a ________ secretion

Oily

First degree:

Only the epidermis is involved. There is redness, edema and pain.

The dermis consists of two zones: the more superficial _________ layer and the deeper __________ later

Papillary; reticular

____________ glands are oil-producing holocrine glands that are associated with hair follicles.

Sebaceous

Which of the following is one of the important functions of the skin

Sense changes in the environment

What are the functions of skin?

Skin is considered a sense organ It acts as an important barrier to water and UV radiation It begins the process of vitamin D synthesis

Which of the following layers of the epidermis contains cuboidal stem cells, keratinocytes, and melanocytes?

Stratum basale

Which epidermal layers contain dendritic cells?

Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

List the features of skin that minimize bacterial and fungal growth during an infection.

The dryness of the skin inhibits microbial growth. The acid mantle inhibits microbial growth.

Second degree:

The epidermis and part of the dermis is involved. There are usually blisters.

Third degree:

The epidermis, dermis, and often some deeper tissues are involved. This type of burn often requires a skin graft.

Jon is going bald and often complains that he can feel cold air on his scalp! THis may be due to what reason?

The scalp lacking an insulating fat layer

What best describes the dermal papillae?

The upward projections of the dermis at the dermis-epidermis boundary.

True or false: skin color is primarily determined by the amount of melanin present.

True

The hair type called ______ constitutes about two-thirds of the hair in women and one-tenth of the hair in men

Vellus. It's also One of 3 kinds of hair over the course of a life. Fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by time of birth. Two-thirds of the hair of women. One-tenth the hair of men. All of hair of children except eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair of the scalp. Thermal insulation and cooling.

Name the structures that guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing particles from entering.

Vibrasse or guard hairs

The deepest layer of the dermis is called the __________ layer

reticular