A&P Chapter 11: Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Compartments in the forearm _____

-Contain functionally related muscles -Contain nerves and blood vessels of the forearm muscles -Are defined by partitions formed by deep fascia

Identify the muscles that extends the arm at the glenohumeral joint

-Latissimus dorsi -Deltoid -Teres major -Triceps brachii

Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication?

-Masseter muscle -Temporalis muscle -Medial/lateral ptergoid muscle

Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings"?

-Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Biceps femoris

Which muscles superiorly rotate the scapula?

-Serratus anterior -Trapezius

The pectorals minor is one of the _____ thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle

Anterior

Identify the location of the pronator quadratus

Anterior forearm

T/F: All of the rotator cuff muscles either medially or laterally rotate the glenohumeral joint

False

T/F: The fibulas muscles are very powerful evertors of the foot and weak dorsi flexors

False

T/F: The intrinsic muscle of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot

False

Bilateral contraction of the sternomastoid muscles functions to _____

Flex the neck

When the lilacs contracts, the thigh is _____

Flexed

When the posts major contracts, the thigh is

Flexed

Which muscle is used to protract the tongue?

Genioglossus muscle

What is the superior attachment for the muscles that move the head and neck

On the vertebral column, thoracic cage, and pectoral girdle

Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue is innervated by CN X (vagus nerve)?

Palatoglossus

The vagus nerve innervates which extrinsic tongue muscle?

Palatoglossus muscle

The anterior thoracic muscle that protracts and depresses the scapula is the _____

Pectoralis minor

To locate the tire major, where would you look?

Posterior of body, inferior to rotator cuff muscles

Which includes all of the forearm muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment?

Pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus

Contraction of the deep muscles of the gluteal region results in _____

Rotation of the thigh

Both the thenar and hypothenar groups of intrinsic hand muscles include _____

Small flexors, abductors, and opponent muscles

The rotator cuff muscles are _____

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

With regard to extension of the arm, the latissimus dorsi is a(n) agonist; with regard to adducting and medially rotating the arm, the muscles in a(n) _____

Synergist

The dorsal group of intrinsic foot muscle contain _____

The extensor hallucinations brevis

The muscles that protect the scapula are _____

The serrates anterior and pectoralis minor

Which muscle depresses the thyroid cartilage to return it to its original position after swallowing?

The sternothyroid muscle

The sternohyoid is attached to _____

The sternum and hyoid bone

Muscles that retract the scapula are the _____

Trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)

T/F: All anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are deep to other thoracic muscles

True

T/F: Muslces that insert on the pectoral girdle stabilize the clavicle and scapula and increases the range of motion of the arm

True

T/F: The subclavius is inferior to the clavicle

True

The elevator scapulae _____

-Is a posterior thoracic muscle -Is deep to the trapzius -Is superior to the rhomboids (minor and major)

Which statements correctly describe the digastric muscle?

-It attaches to the hyoid bone -It attaches to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone -It depresses the mandible -It has two bellies

What happens to the scapula when the elevator scapulae contracts?

-It's elevated -It's rotated, inferiorly

Which of the following are intrinsic hand muscles of the thenar group?

-Opponens pollicis -Flexor pollicis brevis -Abductor pollicis brevis

Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?

-Pectoralis major -Latissimus dorsi

Which are the functions of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?

-Protract the mandible -Move the mandible side to side during chewing

Contraction of the minor and major rhomboids results in which of the following movements of the scapula?

-Retraction -Elevation -Rotation, inferiorly

Identify the actions provided by contraction of the biceps brachii

-Supination of the forearm -Flexion of the humerus -Flexion of the forearm

Name the forearm muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment

-Supinator -Abductor pollicis longus -Extensor pollicis longus -Extensor indicis -Extensor pollicis brevis

Identify the muscles that laterally rate the arm at the glenohumeral joint

-Teres minor -Deltoid -Infraspinatus

The attachment sites of the sternocleidomastoid muscle include _____

-The mastoid process -Sternum -Clavicle

Which of the following are posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

-Trapezius -Rhomboid minor -Rhomboid major -Levator scapulae

Which muscles extend the forearm?

-Triceps brachii -Anconeus

Muscles that move the knee joint ____

-Withing each compartment have similar actions not the knee joint -Are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia

What is the ocular attachment of the ocular rectus muscles?

Common tendinous ring

T/F: The anatomical and fictional criteria for defining compartments of muscle that move the hip and knee joints are identical

True

T/F: The attachments of the deltoid form a fan-shaped muscle responsible for the rounded contour of the shoulder

True

The tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment

True

Unilateral contraction of the splenius wapitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalls capitis, and longissimus causes _____

Turning of the head

Which term refers to the process of chewing?

Mastication

Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?

The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist

Contraction of the lateral muscle of the thigh results in _____

-Abduction of the thigh -Medial rotation of the thigh

Contraction of the superficial muscles in the gluteal region results in _____

-Abduction of the thigh -Rotation of the thigh -Extension fo the thigh

In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to _____

-Adduct the thigh at the hip joint -Flex the leg at the knee joint

Which are muscles that flex and/or supinate the arm at the elbow?

-Brachioradialis -Supinator -Biceps brachii -Brachialis

Identify the muscles that flex the arm at the glenohumeral joint

-Coracobrachialis -Briceps brachii -Deltoid

Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the triceps brachii (long head)

-Extension of the arm -Adduction of the arm

Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dori

-Extension of the arm -Adduction of the arm -Medial rotation of arm

Identify the muscles that adducts the arm at the glenohumeral joint

-Teres major and minor -Infraspinatus -Pectoralis major -Latissimus dorsi -Coracobrachialis

From lateral to medial, the forearm muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment are the ______

1. Pronator teres 2. Flexor carpi radialis 3. Palamaris longus 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris

The posterior compartment of the forearm consists of a total of _____ muscles distributed between _____ layers

10; superficial and deep

Anatomically, muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as

Anterior or posterior thoracic

Which muscles extends from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the hyoid?

The thyrohyoid muscle

The scapula is depressed by contraction of _____

The trapezius and pectoralis minor

Identify the actions of provided by contraction of the triceps brachii

-Extension of the humerus -Extension of the forearm -Adduction of the humerus

Which are forearm muscle in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment?

-Extensor digitorum -Extensor carpi radials brevis -Extensor carpi ulnaris -Extensor digiti minimi -Extensor carpi radials longus

Which of the following are considered powerful planter flexors?

-Gastrocnemius -Soleus

Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?

-III -IV -VI

Which of the following are deep muscles of the gluteal region?

-Inferior gemellus -Superior gemellus -Quadratus femurs -Obturator internus -Piriformis

The anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle are the _____, _____, and _____

-Pectoralis minor -Subclavius -Serratus anterior

Identify the location of the brachioradialis

Anterolateral forearm

The scapula is elevated by contraction of _____

Any and all of the posterior thoracic muscles

Which of the following best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the teres major

Extension, adduction, and medial rotation

Contraction of the subscapularis _____ the arm, and contraction of the supraspinatus _____ the arm

Medially rotates; abducts

The inferior funnel shaped tube that lies behind the oral and nasal cavities is the _____

Pharynx

The four paired muscles of mastication are the temporals (a broad, fan-shaped muscle), the masseter (a short, thick muscle), and the lateral and medial _____

Pterygoids

The posterior tubercle of the atlas is the superior attachment of which muscle?

Rectus wapitis posterior minor

Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the coracobrachialis

-Flexion of the arm -Adduction of the arm

Which muscle acts to elevate the hyoid bone and depress the mandible?

Digastric

The functions of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid muscles are to _____

Elevate the hyoid bone

In very general terms, the posterior forearm muscles of the superficial layer _____, whereas the muscles of the deep layer _____

Extend the wrist; extend fingers 1 and 2

Contractions of the gluteal muscles results in _____

Extension of the thigh

Which of the following summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi?

Extension, adduction, medial rotation

Which muscles end in the suffix-glosses, meaning tongue?

Extrinsic tongue muscles

In addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the _____

Gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region

A muscle of the thigh's medial compartment is the _____

Gracillis

Which muscle retracts and depresses the tongue?

Hyoglossus

The serrates anterior differs from the subclavlus and pectorals minor in that _____

It inferiorly attached to the anterior of the thorax, but it superiorly attaches to the posterior of the thorax

The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the _____

Latissimus dorsi

The prime movers of the glenohumeral joint are the _____

Latissimus dorsi and pectorals major

Which of the following best describes the location of the serrates anterior?

Located between the anterior surface of the ribs and the anterior surface of the scapula

Which muscle adducts the eye, and is innervated by CN III (oculomotor nerve)

Medial rectus

The hyoid bone is the organ of which pharyngeal muscle?

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called _____

Suprahyoid muscles

Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in _____

-Extension of the thigh -Flexion of the thigh -Adduction of the thigh -Lateral rotation of the thigh

If while drinking tea your "pinky" finger or finger 5 is extended, which of the following muscles is/are involved?

-Extensor digitorum -Extensor digiti minimi

Which of the following are functions of the scalene muscle?

-Flexion of the neck -Elevation of first and second ribs

Which extrinsic tongue muscles are inverted by the hypoglossal nerve?

-Hyoglossus muscle -Genioglossus muscle -Styloglossus muscle

Compartments of the thigh _____

-Include blood vessels and nerves for a single compartment -Include muscles with similar actions -Are anatomically defined by the fascia latae

Muscles that move the pectoral girdle _____

-Rotate the scapula inferiorly or superiorly -Elevate or depress the scapula -Protract or retract the scapula

The serrates anterior _____

-Superiorly rates the scapula -Stabilizes the scapula

Which of the following are muscles that move the glenohumeral joint that orginate on the scapula

-Teres major -Deltoid -Triceps brachii -Biceps brachii -Coracobrachialis

Which of the following best describes the location of the pectorals major?

Anterior of body, covers superior portion of thorax

Which of the following indefinites the compartments of the thigh?

Anterior, posterior, lateral, medial

The inferior attachments of the muscles that move the head and neck are the _____

Bones of the cranium

Flexor tendons of the digits and the median nerve pass through the tight space between the bones and the flexor retinaculum, which is called the _____ tunnel

Carpal

In general, the infrahyoid muscles function to _____

Depress the hyoid bone

Which are functions of the digastric muscle?

Elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the manible

Which of the following best summarized the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur when the pectoralis major contracts

Flexion, adduction, medial rotation

Identify the single muscle of the intermediate layer in the anterior compartment of the forearm

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Which of the following does not increase the risk of developing a rotator cuff injury?

Increase in blood flow

Which muscle attaches to the posterolateral part of the eye, elevates the eye, and turns the eye laterally when it contracts?

Inferior oblique muscle

Which muscle attaches to the anterinferior part of the sclera and pulls the eye inferiorly, as in looking down?

Inferior rectus muscle

The overall, general, function of all muscles of the rotator cuff is to _____

Stabilize the glenohumeral joint

The main muscles of the anterolateral neck are the ____ muscle and the three scalene muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

Which muscle attaches to the anterosuperior part of the sclera and pulls the eye superiorly when it contracts?

Superior rectus muscle

Which muscle of the posterior forearm compartment perform(s) a function unlike that of all the others?

Supinator

In addition to its role the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae _____

Supports and binds the thigh muscles

The _____ muscles of the anterior neck are associated with the floor of the mouth

Suprahyoid