A&P Chapter 11: Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Compartments in the forearm _____
-Contain functionally related muscles -Contain nerves and blood vessels of the forearm muscles -Are defined by partitions formed by deep fascia
Identify the muscles that extends the arm at the glenohumeral joint
-Latissimus dorsi -Deltoid -Teres major -Triceps brachii
Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication?
-Masseter muscle -Temporalis muscle -Medial/lateral ptergoid muscle
Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings"?
-Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Biceps femoris
Which muscles superiorly rotate the scapula?
-Serratus anterior -Trapezius
The pectorals minor is one of the _____ thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle
Anterior
Identify the location of the pronator quadratus
Anterior forearm
T/F: All of the rotator cuff muscles either medially or laterally rotate the glenohumeral joint
False
T/F: The fibulas muscles are very powerful evertors of the foot and weak dorsi flexors
False
T/F: The intrinsic muscle of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot
False
Bilateral contraction of the sternomastoid muscles functions to _____
Flex the neck
When the lilacs contracts, the thigh is _____
Flexed
When the posts major contracts, the thigh is
Flexed
Which muscle is used to protract the tongue?
Genioglossus muscle
What is the superior attachment for the muscles that move the head and neck
On the vertebral column, thoracic cage, and pectoral girdle
Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue is innervated by CN X (vagus nerve)?
Palatoglossus
The vagus nerve innervates which extrinsic tongue muscle?
Palatoglossus muscle
The anterior thoracic muscle that protracts and depresses the scapula is the _____
Pectoralis minor
To locate the tire major, where would you look?
Posterior of body, inferior to rotator cuff muscles
Which includes all of the forearm muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment?
Pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus
Contraction of the deep muscles of the gluteal region results in _____
Rotation of the thigh
Both the thenar and hypothenar groups of intrinsic hand muscles include _____
Small flexors, abductors, and opponent muscles
The rotator cuff muscles are _____
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
With regard to extension of the arm, the latissimus dorsi is a(n) agonist; with regard to adducting and medially rotating the arm, the muscles in a(n) _____
Synergist
The dorsal group of intrinsic foot muscle contain _____
The extensor hallucinations brevis
The muscles that protect the scapula are _____
The serrates anterior and pectoralis minor
Which muscle depresses the thyroid cartilage to return it to its original position after swallowing?
The sternothyroid muscle
The sternohyoid is attached to _____
The sternum and hyoid bone
Muscles that retract the scapula are the _____
Trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)
T/F: All anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are deep to other thoracic muscles
True
T/F: Muslces that insert on the pectoral girdle stabilize the clavicle and scapula and increases the range of motion of the arm
True
T/F: The subclavius is inferior to the clavicle
True
The elevator scapulae _____
-Is a posterior thoracic muscle -Is deep to the trapzius -Is superior to the rhomboids (minor and major)
Which statements correctly describe the digastric muscle?
-It attaches to the hyoid bone -It attaches to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone -It depresses the mandible -It has two bellies
What happens to the scapula when the elevator scapulae contracts?
-It's elevated -It's rotated, inferiorly
Which of the following are intrinsic hand muscles of the thenar group?
-Opponens pollicis -Flexor pollicis brevis -Abductor pollicis brevis
Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?
-Pectoralis major -Latissimus dorsi
Which are the functions of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?
-Protract the mandible -Move the mandible side to side during chewing
Contraction of the minor and major rhomboids results in which of the following movements of the scapula?
-Retraction -Elevation -Rotation, inferiorly
Identify the actions provided by contraction of the biceps brachii
-Supination of the forearm -Flexion of the humerus -Flexion of the forearm
Name the forearm muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment
-Supinator -Abductor pollicis longus -Extensor pollicis longus -Extensor indicis -Extensor pollicis brevis
Identify the muscles that laterally rate the arm at the glenohumeral joint
-Teres minor -Deltoid -Infraspinatus
The attachment sites of the sternocleidomastoid muscle include _____
-The mastoid process -Sternum -Clavicle
Which of the following are posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
-Trapezius -Rhomboid minor -Rhomboid major -Levator scapulae
Which muscles extend the forearm?
-Triceps brachii -Anconeus
Muscles that move the knee joint ____
-Withing each compartment have similar actions not the knee joint -Are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia
What is the ocular attachment of the ocular rectus muscles?
Common tendinous ring
T/F: The anatomical and fictional criteria for defining compartments of muscle that move the hip and knee joints are identical
True
T/F: The attachments of the deltoid form a fan-shaped muscle responsible for the rounded contour of the shoulder
True
The tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment
True
Unilateral contraction of the splenius wapitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalls capitis, and longissimus causes _____
Turning of the head
Which term refers to the process of chewing?
Mastication
Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?
The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist
Contraction of the lateral muscle of the thigh results in _____
-Abduction of the thigh -Medial rotation of the thigh
Contraction of the superficial muscles in the gluteal region results in _____
-Abduction of the thigh -Rotation of the thigh -Extension fo the thigh
In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to _____
-Adduct the thigh at the hip joint -Flex the leg at the knee joint
Which are muscles that flex and/or supinate the arm at the elbow?
-Brachioradialis -Supinator -Biceps brachii -Brachialis
Identify the muscles that flex the arm at the glenohumeral joint
-Coracobrachialis -Briceps brachii -Deltoid
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the triceps brachii (long head)
-Extension of the arm -Adduction of the arm
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dori
-Extension of the arm -Adduction of the arm -Medial rotation of arm
Identify the muscles that adducts the arm at the glenohumeral joint
-Teres major and minor -Infraspinatus -Pectoralis major -Latissimus dorsi -Coracobrachialis
From lateral to medial, the forearm muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment are the ______
1. Pronator teres 2. Flexor carpi radialis 3. Palamaris longus 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris
The posterior compartment of the forearm consists of a total of _____ muscles distributed between _____ layers
10; superficial and deep
Anatomically, muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as
Anterior or posterior thoracic
Which muscles extends from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the hyoid?
The thyrohyoid muscle
The scapula is depressed by contraction of _____
The trapezius and pectoralis minor
Identify the actions of provided by contraction of the triceps brachii
-Extension of the humerus -Extension of the forearm -Adduction of the humerus
Which are forearm muscle in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment?
-Extensor digitorum -Extensor carpi radials brevis -Extensor carpi ulnaris -Extensor digiti minimi -Extensor carpi radials longus
Which of the following are considered powerful planter flexors?
-Gastrocnemius -Soleus
Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?
-III -IV -VI
Which of the following are deep muscles of the gluteal region?
-Inferior gemellus -Superior gemellus -Quadratus femurs -Obturator internus -Piriformis
The anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle are the _____, _____, and _____
-Pectoralis minor -Subclavius -Serratus anterior
Identify the location of the brachioradialis
Anterolateral forearm
The scapula is elevated by contraction of _____
Any and all of the posterior thoracic muscles
Which of the following best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the teres major
Extension, adduction, and medial rotation
Contraction of the subscapularis _____ the arm, and contraction of the supraspinatus _____ the arm
Medially rotates; abducts
The inferior funnel shaped tube that lies behind the oral and nasal cavities is the _____
Pharynx
The four paired muscles of mastication are the temporals (a broad, fan-shaped muscle), the masseter (a short, thick muscle), and the lateral and medial _____
Pterygoids
The posterior tubercle of the atlas is the superior attachment of which muscle?
Rectus wapitis posterior minor
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the coracobrachialis
-Flexion of the arm -Adduction of the arm
Which muscle acts to elevate the hyoid bone and depress the mandible?
Digastric
The functions of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid muscles are to _____
Elevate the hyoid bone
In very general terms, the posterior forearm muscles of the superficial layer _____, whereas the muscles of the deep layer _____
Extend the wrist; extend fingers 1 and 2
Contractions of the gluteal muscles results in _____
Extension of the thigh
Which of the following summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi?
Extension, adduction, medial rotation
Which muscles end in the suffix-glosses, meaning tongue?
Extrinsic tongue muscles
In addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the _____
Gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region
A muscle of the thigh's medial compartment is the _____
Gracillis
Which muscle retracts and depresses the tongue?
Hyoglossus
The serrates anterior differs from the subclavlus and pectorals minor in that _____
It inferiorly attached to the anterior of the thorax, but it superiorly attaches to the posterior of the thorax
The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the _____
Latissimus dorsi
The prime movers of the glenohumeral joint are the _____
Latissimus dorsi and pectorals major
Which of the following best describes the location of the serrates anterior?
Located between the anterior surface of the ribs and the anterior surface of the scapula
Which muscle adducts the eye, and is innervated by CN III (oculomotor nerve)
Medial rectus
The hyoid bone is the organ of which pharyngeal muscle?
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called _____
Suprahyoid muscles
Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in _____
-Extension of the thigh -Flexion of the thigh -Adduction of the thigh -Lateral rotation of the thigh
If while drinking tea your "pinky" finger or finger 5 is extended, which of the following muscles is/are involved?
-Extensor digitorum -Extensor digiti minimi
Which of the following are functions of the scalene muscle?
-Flexion of the neck -Elevation of first and second ribs
Which extrinsic tongue muscles are inverted by the hypoglossal nerve?
-Hyoglossus muscle -Genioglossus muscle -Styloglossus muscle
Compartments of the thigh _____
-Include blood vessels and nerves for a single compartment -Include muscles with similar actions -Are anatomically defined by the fascia latae
Muscles that move the pectoral girdle _____
-Rotate the scapula inferiorly or superiorly -Elevate or depress the scapula -Protract or retract the scapula
The serrates anterior _____
-Superiorly rates the scapula -Stabilizes the scapula
Which of the following are muscles that move the glenohumeral joint that orginate on the scapula
-Teres major -Deltoid -Triceps brachii -Biceps brachii -Coracobrachialis
Which of the following best describes the location of the pectorals major?
Anterior of body, covers superior portion of thorax
Which of the following indefinites the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, posterior, lateral, medial
The inferior attachments of the muscles that move the head and neck are the _____
Bones of the cranium
Flexor tendons of the digits and the median nerve pass through the tight space between the bones and the flexor retinaculum, which is called the _____ tunnel
Carpal
In general, the infrahyoid muscles function to _____
Depress the hyoid bone
Which are functions of the digastric muscle?
Elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the manible
Which of the following best summarized the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur when the pectoralis major contracts
Flexion, adduction, medial rotation
Identify the single muscle of the intermediate layer in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Which of the following does not increase the risk of developing a rotator cuff injury?
Increase in blood flow
Which muscle attaches to the posterolateral part of the eye, elevates the eye, and turns the eye laterally when it contracts?
Inferior oblique muscle
Which muscle attaches to the anterinferior part of the sclera and pulls the eye inferiorly, as in looking down?
Inferior rectus muscle
The overall, general, function of all muscles of the rotator cuff is to _____
Stabilize the glenohumeral joint
The main muscles of the anterolateral neck are the ____ muscle and the three scalene muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle attaches to the anterosuperior part of the sclera and pulls the eye superiorly when it contracts?
Superior rectus muscle
Which muscle of the posterior forearm compartment perform(s) a function unlike that of all the others?
Supinator
In addition to its role the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae _____
Supports and binds the thigh muscles
The _____ muscles of the anterior neck are associated with the floor of the mouth
Suprahyoid
