A&P Chapter 16: The Reproductive System

23 chromosomes

Each spermatid and each ovum have ________. 46 chromosomes 23 pairs of chromosomes 46 pairs of chromosomes 2n chromosomes 23 chromosomes

an embryo

From fertilization to week 8 of pregnancy, the conceptus is called ________. an embryo a fetus a baby a zygote a morula

urethra

From the ejaculatory duct, sperm can pass directly into the __________. urethra seminal vesicle epididymis ductus deferens seminiferous tubule

uterine (Fallopian) tube

In what part of the female reproductive tract does fertilization typically occur? ovary uterine (Fallopian) tube vagina uterus

epididymis

Maturing sperm gain their ability to swim while in the ________. ductus deferens seminiferous tubules urethra ejaculatory duct epididymis

Epididymis

Sperm maturation occurs in which of the following locations? Seminiferous tubule Epididymis Ejaculatory duct Vas deferens

spermatogonia

The cells forming the outer layer (i.e., closest to the basement membrane) of the seminiferous tubule are the __________. spermatids secondary spermatocytes primary spermatocytes spermatogonia

amnion

The fluid-filled sac surrounding the fetus is the ________. mesoderm umbilical cord chorionic villi amnion

seminal glands (vesicles)

The glands that produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm are the ________. prostate ejaculatory duct bulbo-urethral glands seminal glands (vesicles)

testosterone

The hormone directly responsible for the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics is called __________. relaxin testosterone FSH oxytocin LH

progesterone

The hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy is called ________. testosterone progesterone estrogen relaxin

relaxin

The hormone produced by the placenta that causes the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis to relax, widen, and become more flexible to ease birth passage is called ________. chorion progesterone renin gonadotropin relaxin

alveolar

The milk-producing glands within the mammary glands are called the __________ glands. alveolar lobule areola lactiferous

endometrium

The soft, vascular mucosal lining of the uterus is the __________. perimetrium corpus luteum endometrium fundus

fundus

The superior rounded region of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine (fallopian) tubes is called the ________. body fundus mons pubis corpus cervix

placenta

The temporary organ formed during pregnancy to support proper fetal development is the __________. uterus fallopian tube ovary placenta

uterus

The usual site of implantation for the fertilized egg is the __________. uterus vagina uterine tube ovary

spermatogonia

What cells are the stem cells for spermatogenesis? interstitial cells spermatids primary spermatocytes spermatogonia

LH

What hormone stimulates cells in the testes to produce testosterone? GnRH FSH LH progesterone

produce testosterone

What is the function of the interstitial cells in the testes? produce testosterone produce gametes produce FSH and LH nurture developing gametes

ovary

What organ produces the female gametes? ovary uterus vulva vagina

full term

When a fetus reaches about day 270 in the womb it is designated __________. mid term overdue full term premature

menopause

When ovulation ceases and menstruation has not occurred in a year then a woman is said to have reached __________. None of these answers is correct. menses menopause menarche

ejaculatory duct

Where would sperm travel next after moving through the ductus deferens? urethra seminal vesicle ejaculatory duct prostate gland

ejaculatory duct

Which of the following is NOT a part of a male's testis? ejaculatory duct interstitial cells lobules seminiferous tubule rete testis

Forms from the inner cell mass

Which of the following is NOT true about the placenta? Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the blood of the embryo and fetus Consists of chorionic villi in cooperation with tissues of the mother's uterus Forms from the inner cell mass Produces hormones including estrogen and progesterone

zygote

A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a ________. fetus zygote blastocyst embryo

implantation

Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called ________. implantation cleavage ovulation fertilization

proliferative

Days 6-14 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as the ________ phase. This phase concludes with ovulation. menstrual luteal secretory proliferative

estrogen

Developing follicles produce __________, which stimulates thickening of the endometrium during each menstrual cycle, the enlargement of female reproductive organs, and breast development in a young woman. FSH progesterone LH estrogen

Nervous system

During embryonic development, ectoderm (one of the three primary germ layers) gives rise to which of the following? Bones Nervous system Lining of the digestive tract Muscles

a primary oocyte

During oogenesis, an oogonium directly gives rise to ________. a primary oocyte a secondary oocyte an ovum a second polar body a first polar body

relaxin

During pregnancy the placenta produces __________ and estrogen. oxytocin FSH relaxin hCG

XY

Male sex chromosomes are represented as ________. XZ XY YY XO XX

- has gone a year without menstruation

Menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman ________. - has gone a year without menstruation - misses two periods in a row - misses her first period - turns 50 - has had a hysterectomy

2n; n

Primary spermatocytes are __________ whereas spermatids are __________. n; ½n 2n; 3n n; 2n 2n; n

gonads; gametes

Sex organs called __________ produce sex cells called __________. gonads; gametes spermatids; sperm oocytes; ova gametes; gonads

ovaries

The female reproductive organs, known as ________, produce both eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. testes ovaries follicles uterine (fallopian) tubes

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

The hormone that promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow and mature each month is ________. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) testosterone estrogen luteinizing hormone (LH)

endometrium

The innermost mucosa layer of the uterus is called the ________. endometrium myometrium epimetrium perimetrium

Secretory phase

The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds with which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle? Menstrual phase Secretory phase Proliferative phase Follicular phase

penis; scrotum

The male external genitalia include the ________ and the ________. testes; ductus (vas) deferens seminal glands (vesicles); ejaculatory duct penis; scrotum spermatic cord; glans penis

puberty

The period of life between 10 and 15 years of age is known as ________. It is during this time that the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of hormones. puberty adulthood menarche menopause

areola

The pigmented area of a female's breast that surrounds the nipple is the ________. lactiferous duct areola lactiferous sinus lobule

46; 23

The primary oocyte has __________ chromosomes and the ovum has __________ chromosomes. 23; 46 46; 23 46; 92 n; 2n

ovulation

The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its contents occur during __________. fertilization ovulation menses menstruation

spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and ductus deferens

The spermatic cord contains the __________. spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and seminal vesicle spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and ductus deferens spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, ductus deferens, and epididymis spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and epididymis

erection

The spongy tissue of the penis fills with blood during sexual excitement and causes the penis to enlarge and become rigid during ________. circumcision emission parturition ejaculation erection

seminiferous tubules

The structures inside each testis that produce sperm are called __________. seminiferous tubules epididymis ejaculatory ducts ureters

morula

The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely floating in the uterine cavity is called a ________. blastocyst placenta morula trophoblast zygote

cervix of the uterus

The tubular portion of the uterus that extends inferiorly into the superior region of the vagina is known as the __________. myometrium cervix of the uterus perimetrium fundus

progesterone

Two hormones produced in the ovaries are __________ and estrogen. relaxin thyroxine progesterone serotonin

- significant increase in blood volume

What change occurs in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy? - significant increase in blood volume - slight decrease in blood pressure (BP) - slight decrease in heart rate (HR) - urine output increases

- FSH stimulates sperm production in males.

What effect does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have on males? - FSH stimulates sperm production in males. - FSH causes the testes to enlarge in size. - Male testes are not influenced by FSH. - FSH stimulates estrogen production in males. - FSH functions solely in females.

Human chorionic gonadotropin

What hormone produced by the blastocyst causes the glandular corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones to maintain the endometrium? Follicle-stimulating hormone Progesterone Oxytocin Human chorionic gonadotropin

release enzymes to help penetrate the egg cell

What is the function of the sperm cell's acrosome? - move sperm into the epididymis - stimulate maturation of sperm cells - release energy to power the sperm tail - release enzymes to help penetrate the egg cell

The cervix dilates.

What occurs in the first stage of labor? The cervix dilates. Braxton Hicks contractions begin. The fetus turns. The placenta detaches.

cervix

What part of the uterus projects into the vagina? fundus endometrium body cervix

hot flashes

Which of these results from the low estrogen levels that occur after menopause? menstruation ovulation hot flashes increased sex drive

epididymal fluid

Which one of the following is NOT a component of semen? prostatic fluid epididymal fluid seminal fluid bulbo-urethral fluid sperm

- decreased fat deposits beneath the skin

Which one of the following is NOT one of the secondary sex characteristics seen in young women? - widening and lightening of the pelvis - enlargement of the accessory organs of reproduction - appearance of axillary and pubic hair - decreased fat deposits beneath the skin - breast development

- Meiosis produces four gametes.

Which statement regarding meiosis is correct? - Meiosis consists of one nuclear division only. - Meiosis produces two daughter cells. - Meiosis occurs in all cells of the body. - Meiosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell. - Meiosis produces four gametes.

The temperature in the pelvic cavity is too high.

Why are the testes located in the scrotum? There is no room for them in the pelvic cavity. They would become tangled in their ducts if they were in the pelvic cavity. They must be located closer to the penis. The temperature in the pelvic cavity is too high.