A&P Chapter 16: The Reproductive System
23 chromosomes
Each spermatid and each ovum have ________. 46 chromosomes 23 pairs of chromosomes 46 pairs of chromosomes 2n chromosomes 23 chromosomes
an embryo
From fertilization to week 8 of pregnancy, the conceptus is called ________. an embryo a fetus a baby a zygote a morula
urethra
From the ejaculatory duct, sperm can pass directly into the __________. urethra seminal vesicle epididymis ductus deferens seminiferous tubule
uterine (Fallopian) tube
In what part of the female reproductive tract does fertilization typically occur? ovary uterine (Fallopian) tube vagina uterus
epididymis
Maturing sperm gain their ability to swim while in the ________. ductus deferens seminiferous tubules urethra ejaculatory duct epididymis
Epididymis
Sperm maturation occurs in which of the following locations? Seminiferous tubule Epididymis Ejaculatory duct Vas deferens
spermatogonia
The cells forming the outer layer (i.e., closest to the basement membrane) of the seminiferous tubule are the __________. spermatids secondary spermatocytes primary spermatocytes spermatogonia
amnion
The fluid-filled sac surrounding the fetus is the ________. mesoderm umbilical cord chorionic villi amnion
seminal glands (vesicles)
The glands that produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm are the ________. prostate ejaculatory duct bulbo-urethral glands seminal glands (vesicles)
testosterone
The hormone directly responsible for the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics is called __________. relaxin testosterone FSH oxytocin LH
progesterone
The hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy is called ________. testosterone progesterone estrogen relaxin
relaxin
The hormone produced by the placenta that causes the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis to relax, widen, and become more flexible to ease birth passage is called ________. chorion progesterone renin gonadotropin relaxin
alveolar
The milk-producing glands within the mammary glands are called the __________ glands. alveolar lobule areola lactiferous
endometrium
The soft, vascular mucosal lining of the uterus is the __________. perimetrium corpus luteum endometrium fundus
fundus
The superior rounded region of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine (fallopian) tubes is called the ________. body fundus mons pubis corpus cervix
placenta
The temporary organ formed during pregnancy to support proper fetal development is the __________. uterus fallopian tube ovary placenta
uterus
The usual site of implantation for the fertilized egg is the __________. uterus vagina uterine tube ovary
spermatogonia
What cells are the stem cells for spermatogenesis? interstitial cells spermatids primary spermatocytes spermatogonia
LH
What hormone stimulates cells in the testes to produce testosterone? GnRH FSH LH progesterone
produce testosterone
What is the function of the interstitial cells in the testes? produce testosterone produce gametes produce FSH and LH nurture developing gametes
ovary
What organ produces the female gametes? ovary uterus vulva vagina
full term
When a fetus reaches about day 270 in the womb it is designated __________. mid term overdue full term premature
menopause
When ovulation ceases and menstruation has not occurred in a year then a woman is said to have reached __________. None of these answers is correct. menses menopause menarche
ejaculatory duct
Where would sperm travel next after moving through the ductus deferens? urethra seminal vesicle ejaculatory duct prostate gland
ejaculatory duct
Which of the following is NOT a part of a male's testis? ejaculatory duct interstitial cells lobules seminiferous tubule rete testis
Forms from the inner cell mass
Which of the following is NOT true about the placenta? Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the blood of the embryo and fetus Consists of chorionic villi in cooperation with tissues of the mother's uterus Forms from the inner cell mass Produces hormones including estrogen and progesterone
zygote
A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a ________. fetus zygote blastocyst embryo
implantation
Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called ________. implantation cleavage ovulation fertilization
proliferative
Days 6-14 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as the ________ phase. This phase concludes with ovulation. menstrual luteal secretory proliferative
estrogen
Developing follicles produce __________, which stimulates thickening of the endometrium during each menstrual cycle, the enlargement of female reproductive organs, and breast development in a young woman. FSH progesterone LH estrogen
Nervous system
During embryonic development, ectoderm (one of the three primary germ layers) gives rise to which of the following? Bones Nervous system Lining of the digestive tract Muscles
a primary oocyte
During oogenesis, an oogonium directly gives rise to ________. a primary oocyte a secondary oocyte an ovum a second polar body a first polar body
relaxin
During pregnancy the placenta produces __________ and estrogen. oxytocin FSH relaxin hCG
XY
Male sex chromosomes are represented as ________. XZ XY YY XO XX
- has gone a year without menstruation
Menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman ________. - has gone a year without menstruation - misses two periods in a row - misses her first period - turns 50 - has had a hysterectomy
2n; n
Primary spermatocytes are __________ whereas spermatids are __________. n; ½n 2n; 3n n; 2n 2n; n
gonads; gametes
Sex organs called __________ produce sex cells called __________. gonads; gametes spermatids; sperm oocytes; ova gametes; gonads
ovaries
The female reproductive organs, known as ________, produce both eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. testes ovaries follicles uterine (fallopian) tubes
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The hormone that promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow and mature each month is ________. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) testosterone estrogen luteinizing hormone (LH)
endometrium
The innermost mucosa layer of the uterus is called the ________. endometrium myometrium epimetrium perimetrium
Secretory phase
The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds with which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle? Menstrual phase Secretory phase Proliferative phase Follicular phase
penis; scrotum
The male external genitalia include the ________ and the ________. testes; ductus (vas) deferens seminal glands (vesicles); ejaculatory duct penis; scrotum spermatic cord; glans penis
puberty
The period of life between 10 and 15 years of age is known as ________. It is during this time that the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of hormones. puberty adulthood menarche menopause
areola
The pigmented area of a female's breast that surrounds the nipple is the ________. lactiferous duct areola lactiferous sinus lobule
46; 23
The primary oocyte has __________ chromosomes and the ovum has __________ chromosomes. 23; 46 46; 23 46; 92 n; 2n
ovulation
The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its contents occur during __________. fertilization ovulation menses menstruation
spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and ductus deferens
The spermatic cord contains the __________. spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and seminal vesicle spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and ductus deferens spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, ductus deferens, and epididymis spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and epididymis
erection
The spongy tissue of the penis fills with blood during sexual excitement and causes the penis to enlarge and become rigid during ________. circumcision emission parturition ejaculation erection
seminiferous tubules
The structures inside each testis that produce sperm are called __________. seminiferous tubules epididymis ejaculatory ducts ureters
morula
The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely floating in the uterine cavity is called a ________. blastocyst placenta morula trophoblast zygote
cervix of the uterus
The tubular portion of the uterus that extends inferiorly into the superior region of the vagina is known as the __________. myometrium cervix of the uterus perimetrium fundus
progesterone
Two hormones produced in the ovaries are __________ and estrogen. relaxin thyroxine progesterone serotonin
- significant increase in blood volume
What change occurs in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy? - significant increase in blood volume - slight decrease in blood pressure (BP) - slight decrease in heart rate (HR) - urine output increases
- FSH stimulates sperm production in males.
What effect does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have on males? - FSH stimulates sperm production in males. - FSH causes the testes to enlarge in size. - Male testes are not influenced by FSH. - FSH stimulates estrogen production in males. - FSH functions solely in females.
Human chorionic gonadotropin
What hormone produced by the blastocyst causes the glandular corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones to maintain the endometrium? Follicle-stimulating hormone Progesterone Oxytocin Human chorionic gonadotropin
release enzymes to help penetrate the egg cell
What is the function of the sperm cell's acrosome? - move sperm into the epididymis - stimulate maturation of sperm cells - release energy to power the sperm tail - release enzymes to help penetrate the egg cell
The cervix dilates.
What occurs in the first stage of labor? The cervix dilates. Braxton Hicks contractions begin. The fetus turns. The placenta detaches.
cervix
What part of the uterus projects into the vagina? fundus endometrium body cervix
hot flashes
Which of these results from the low estrogen levels that occur after menopause? menstruation ovulation hot flashes increased sex drive
epididymal fluid
Which one of the following is NOT a component of semen? prostatic fluid epididymal fluid seminal fluid bulbo-urethral fluid sperm
- decreased fat deposits beneath the skin
Which one of the following is NOT one of the secondary sex characteristics seen in young women? - widening and lightening of the pelvis - enlargement of the accessory organs of reproduction - appearance of axillary and pubic hair - decreased fat deposits beneath the skin - breast development
- Meiosis produces four gametes.
Which statement regarding meiosis is correct? - Meiosis consists of one nuclear division only. - Meiosis produces two daughter cells. - Meiosis occurs in all cells of the body. - Meiosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell. - Meiosis produces four gametes.
The temperature in the pelvic cavity is too high.
Why are the testes located in the scrotum? There is no room for them in the pelvic cavity. They would become tangled in their ducts if they were in the pelvic cavity. They must be located closer to the penis. The temperature in the pelvic cavity is too high.