A&P Chapter 2.2

The action of a buffer to maintain pH within normal limits involves __________. A. replacing bicarbonate ions B. adding weak acids C. removing or replacing hydrogen ions D. removing or replacing sodium ions

C.

To maintain homeostasis in the human body, the normal pH range of the blood must remain at __________. A. 6.80-7.20 B. 7.0 C. 7.35-7.45 D. 6.80-7.80

C.

Water is the primary solvent in our body fluids. Which statement about water and its solvent properties as solvent is correct? A. Fats and oils are hydrophilic. B. Water is an ion because it is polar. C. The oxygen end of the water molecule is partially negatively charged and the hydrogen end is partially positively charged. D. Chemicals that dissolve in water are hydrophobic.

C.

When you put table salt into a glass of water, it dissolves. The best term for this breaking of ionic bonds and the separation of these ions is __________. A. digestion B. solution C. dissociation or ionization D. polarity

C.

Which statement about buffers is FALSE? A. Buffers help maintain homeostasis. B. Buffers prevent large changes in pH. C. Buffers are composed of a strong acid and a strong base. D. Buffers neutralize solutions donating hydrogen ions or accepting hydrogen ions.

C.

When we consume food and process it in our cells, we extract energy from it. A type of chemical reaction in which the amount of energy released is greater than the activation energy needed to start the reaction is called a(n) __________. A. synthesis reaction B. endergonic reaction C. anabolic reaction D. exergonic reaction

D.

Which of the following statements about the pH scale is FALSE? A. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale based on powers of 10. B. A solution with a pH of 2 has 100 times more free hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4. C. A solution with a pH of 7 has an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. D. A pH of 0 means there are no free hydrogen ions in the solution.

D.

Acidosis is defined as __________. A. blood pH below 7.35 B. blood pH above 7.45 C. blood pH below 7.4 D. blood pH below 7

A.

Dissolved ions that can conduct an electrical current in a solution are called _________________. A. electrolytes B. colloids C. solvents D. hydrophobic ions

A.

Enzymes catalyze reactions by __________. A. decreasing the activation energy B. synthesizing carbohydrates C. breaking down proteins D. increasing the activation energy

A.

The ideal medium for most absorption and/or transport of inorganic and organic compounds in the human body is ________. A. water B. lymph C. oil D. blood

A.

Which of the following is the most specific term for the type of chemical reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller fragments by breaking its chemical bonds? A. Decomposition reaction B. Synthesis reaction C. Anabolic reaction D. Exchange reaction

A.

Which of the following statement about water's ability to help us maintain homeostasis is FALSE? A. When heated, liquid water is easily converted into water vapor. B. Water molecules exhibit hydrogen bonding and are hard to separate from each other. C. It takes a lot of heat energy to change the temperature of water. D. When water in sweat evaporates, it removes heat from our body.

A.

Which of the following statements about inorganic molecules is false? A. They contain carbon and hydrogen atoms as their primary structural elements. B. Water is an important inorganic molecule that accounts for most of our body weight. C. They include oxygen. D. They include acids and bases.

A.

Which of the solutions below is the most acidic? A. a solution with a pH of 2 B. a solution with a pH of 5 C. a solution with a pH of 8 D. a solution with a pH of 12

A.

Which type of bond has the most important effects on the properties of water and the shapes of complex molecules? A. Hydrogen bond B. Ionic bond C. Polar covalent bond D. Covalent bond

A.

Why is water particularly effective as a solvent? A. Its polarity creates positive and negative regions that interact with many types of molecules. B. It has a high heat capacity that dissolves molecules. C. Hydrophobic molecules have many polar covalent bonds. D. Cations and anions are produced by hydration.

A.

Which of the following is a type of molecule that releases hydrogen ions into a solution and lowers the pH of that solution? A. a salt B. an acid C. a base D. a buffer

B.

Which of the following is the property of water that allows it to absorb and retain heat? A. solubility B. high heat capacity C. reactivity D. lubrication

B.

pH measures the concentration of __________ in a solution. A. any solute in a solution B. free hydrogen ions C. free hydroxide ions D. hydrogen atoms bonded to other atoms

B.

A chemical that can release free hydroxide ions or accept free hydrogen ions is a(n) __________. A. acid B. salt C. proton donor D. base

D.

A type of reaction in which simple molecules are bonded together to make a larger, more complicated molecule is called a(n) __________ reaction. A. hydrolysis B. catabolic C. decomposition D. anabolic

D.

The major difference between inorganic and organic compounds is that inorganic compounds are usually __________. A. large molecules that are soluble in water B. insoluble in water C. composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen D. not composed of carbon and hydrogen

D.