A&P Chapter 24 digestive

The essential functions of the liver include

- metabolic regulation. - hematological regulation. - bile production. - albumin production for blood osmotic pressure

Enterogastric reflexes

-inhibit gastric secretions -are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum -involve the enteric nervous system -inhibit gastric motility

How is the muscularis externa modified in the stomach?

there is an additional third oblique layer of smooth muscle

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach

An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in

undigested fat in the feces

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

Mouth

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is

Trypsin

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

a higher pH during gastric digestion

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the a.)colon. b.)bladder. c.)esophagus. d.)pharynx. e.)stomach.

b.)bladder

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

body

Which of these effects on digestion is not produced by the parasympathetic nervous system? a.)increased saliva production b.)increased mucous secretion c.)decreased acid secretion d.) increased peristalsis

c.) decreased acid secretion

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is

cholecystokinin.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

coordinates activity of muscularis externa

Lipid-soluble vitamins cross the digestive epithelium primarily by _________.

diffusion

The pylorus empties into the

duodenum

The Kupffer cells of the liver a.)destroy RBCs. b.)present antigens. c.)destroy bacteria. d.)are phagocytic. e.)All of the answers are correct.

e.) all of the answers are correct

The pancreas produces a.)sodium bicarbonate. b.)nucleases. c.)lipases and amylase. d.)peptidases and proteinases. e.)All of the answers are correct.

e.)all of the above

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands is

enterocrinin.

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

entry of food into the stomach

Bile is stored in the

gallbladder

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

gastric inhibitory peptide GIP

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

gastrin

G cells of the stomach secrete

gastrin

The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it

has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

hormones, parasympahetic and sympathetic neurons, the contents of digestive tract, intrinsic nerve plexus

Parietal cells secrete

hydrochloric acid

Plicae and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

The pH of the blood in gastric veins

is greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast

Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is performed in the __________.

jejunum

If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably

lactose.

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

large intestine

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

large intestine

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

mass movements

Digestion refers to the

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

The cells in the gastric mucosa near the openings of the gastric pits largely specialize in secreting __________.

mucus

The cephalic phase of stomach function is an example of the __________ system interacting with the digestive system.

nervous

The enzyme alpha-amylase that digests polysaccharides is secreted by the __________.

pancreas

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of

pancreatic acini

Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

pancreatic juice

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

parasympathetic stimulation

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

The enzyme amylase digests

polysaccharides

The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

prevents irritation, lubricates the cavity, decreases friction, secretes peritoneal fluid

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins

Functions of the large intestine include

resorption (absorption) of water and compaction of feces.

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is

secretin

Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by:

sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to

stimulate hunger

Which of the following is true regarding lactose intolerance?

the intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase