A&P chapter 3 Cells and Tissues

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order.1. The protein folds into its functional shape.2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle.4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER.

4 1 3 2

The cellular material between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called

cytoplasm

The prefix ________ means "within"

endo-

The prefix _______ means "outside"

exo-

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.

exocytosis

The process of sending something outside of a cell is called

exocytosis

The stage of the cellular lifecycle between divisions is called

interphase

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following?

isotonic to each other

Which of the following acts as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials?

lysosome

Some neoplasms are benign while others are malignant. Which of the following descriptions is true for a malignant neoplasm?

may become a killer due to relentless growth

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________

mitochondrion

A primary active transport process is one in which __________

molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane?

phospholipids

What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA?

transcription

Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory?

A cell is the smallest living unit.

Which of the following best explains diffusion?

By diffusion, molecules spread out to maximize their space.

Which of the following statements about cells is FALSE?

Cells join together to form organelles, which then form our organs and organ systems.

________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

Desmosomes

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of interphase?

G1, S, and G2

The final processing of proteins "tagged" for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle?

Golgi apparatus

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion?

Na+

Sometimes an abnormal cell mass can develop in the human body. It can take control of the cell cycle, and cell division can malfunction. Which of the following does NOT describe all neoplasms?

cancer

Which type of muscle is characterized by the presence of striations and intercalated discs?

cardiac muscle

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur?

cellular energy

The prefix _______ means "center"

centr-

The button-like structure that holds homologous chromosomes together at their middles during cell division is called the

centromere

A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue?

connective tissue

The prefix ______ means "cell:

cyto-

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is

cytokinesis

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________

dense connective tissue

The process of bringing something into a cell is called

endocytosis

What type of tissue has cells that are tightly packed, sits on a basement membrane, is avascular, and is easily regenerated?

epithelium

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.

facilitated diffusion

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.

facilitated diffusion

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

flagella

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

flagellum

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane?

forming the entire glycocalyx

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.

gene

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

hydrophobic

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?

hypertonic

Where in a typical eukaryotic cell would you expect to find genes?

in the DNA within the cell's nucleus

The prefix _______ means "within," "inside" or "between"

inter-

In which cell stage does DNA replicate?

interphase

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.

interphase

What causes the movement of chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell?

motor proteins in the kinetochore

What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane?

osmosis

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid?

phosphate heads of phospholipids

When a person is severely burned, fluid accumulates in pockets of skin called blisters. Which of the following cellular structures has been damaged and is the ultimate cause of fluid accumulation?

plasma membrane

What is required for filtration to occur?

pressure gradient

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.

primary active transport

During which of the following phases does chromatin condense and become chromosomes?

prophase

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

reticular connective tissue

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of a typical eukaryotic cell?

ribosome

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?

ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane?

semipermeable

What tissue is specialized for the rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients across its cells?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion?

small concentration gradient

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________.

smooth muscle

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called

tight junctions

Which type of tissue is NOT readily repaired if damaged?

tissues whose mature cells are amitotic

Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

transfer RNA

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

During which of the following phases does DNA replication occur?

Synthesis

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

The cell will shrink

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells?

The cells will lose water and shrink.

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink.

________ tissue is commonly called fat

adipose

The body has many techniques for protecting itself from uninvited guests or injury. However, if tissue injury does occur, it stimulates the body's inflammatory and immune responses, and the healing process begins almost immediately. Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing) of all 3 phases of tissue repair

Phase 1:__________ INFLAMMATION Permeable capillaries bring in "repair" chemicals. Clot forms and area is walled off. Phase 2:__________ GRANULATION Delicate pink tissue fills in the damaged area. Phase 3:__________ REGENERATION AND FIBROSIS Replacement of function tissue occurs. Formation of scar tissue occurs.