A&P Chp 16
This diagram shows how the body keeps blood glucose at a normal level.
A: Pancreas releases insulin B: Body cells takes up more glucose C: Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen D: Blood glucose decreases to normal E: Pancreas releases glucagon F: Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose to the blood G: Blood glucose returns to normal
what hormone aids stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor
ADH (vasopressin)
Which of the following hormones is stimulated by stress?
adrenocorticotropic hormone
What hormone, indicated by letter B, is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when we are under stress?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is the primary function of hormones?
alter cell activity
Which hormone aids in water resorption?
antidiuretic hormone
What hormone released into the blood by the posterior pituitary inhibits or prevents urine formation?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?
antidiuretic horomone
The images show the events that occur in your body after you eat a sugary snack. Put the events in the correct sequence
blood glucose becomes high-->pancreas releases insulin-->insulin binds to receptors on target cells-->cells take in glucose-->blood glucose returns to normal
What is the target organ of thyroid hormones' metabolic effects?
cells of the body
choose which condition, has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, "moon face"
cushing's disease
Which of the following adrenal gland homeostatic imbalances is characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels, dramatic losses in muscle and bone protein, and water and salt retention, leading to hypertension and edema?
cushing's syndrome
Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon?
decrease in blood glucose levels
in response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?
decreased insulin secretion
Which of the following is NOT a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to manufacture and release hormones?
enzymatic
Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
epinephrine
Steroid hormones are synthesized from amino acids.
false
The benefit of using a second messenger signaling system is rapid speed of communication.
false
Up-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.
false
Water-soluble hormones are metabolized quickly by the liver.
false
The hypothalamus is known to control the activity of the thyroid, which has traditionally been called the master endocrine gland.
false (pituitary gland)
Which of the following hormones has a different effect when it is released in males instead of females?
follicle-stimulating hormone
Which pancreatic hormone functions to raise blood glucose levels?
glucagon
You would predict that iodized salt would have no effect on any cases of ____________.
grave's disease
which of the following are symptoms of pheochromocytoma
heart palpitation
What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
hormonal stimuli
What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?
humoral
Where is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) made?
hypothalamus
Which of the following brain structures would cause central diabetes insipidus if it were damaged?
hypothalamus
One can predict that a person suffering from diabetes mellitus would probably have ______.
increased secretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
Variance in which of the following hormones is responsible for diabetes mellitus (DM)?
insulin
Which of the following best describes the hypoglycemic effect of insulin?
insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells
Which of the following exhibits an antagonistic relationship?
insulin/glucagon
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of water-soluble hormones?
intracellular receptors
What material is stored in the thyroid follicles?
iodinated thyroglobulin, from which thyroid hormone can be released
If a person's parathyroids are responding properly to a drop in blood calcium, which of the following should result?
less calcium is placed in the urine by the kidneys
What property of a hormone would allow it to pass unassisted through a plasma membrane?
lipid-soluble
What happens in the body when blood glucose levels fall? The diagram shows the steps in the homeostasis pathway that occur when blood glucose levels fall.
low blood glucose-->cells in the pancreas-->glucagon-->liver cells-->glycogen breakdown; glucose released into blood)
Which of the following would result from hypoparathyroidism?
neurons becoming more excitable and producing tingling sensations
Which of the following glands increases blood calcium levels?
parathyroid
What allows a cell to respond to a hormone?
presence of a specific hormone receptor
Which of the following is NOT believed to be linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)?
regular cardio exercise
Which testicular cell organelle is primarily responsible for producing the sex hormone testosterone?
smooth ER
All of the following conditions would stimulate the pancreatic beta cells to release insulin EXCEPT one. Which one?
sympathetic activation
__________ is the situation when one hormone exaggerates the effects of another hormone at the target cell?
synergism
Which of the following is NOT representative of endocrine glands?
they have ducts
Which of the following hormones stimulates an increase in basal metabolic rate as a tropic hormone?
thyroid-stimulating hormone
What amino acid-based hormone uses the direct gene activation method illustrated in this image?
thyroxine
What is the name for the type of hormone, secreted by the pituitary that regulates other endocrine organs?
tropins
The adrenal medulla is stimulated to release catecholamines during sympathetic autonomic nervous responses.
true