A&P Chp 16

This diagram shows how the body keeps blood glucose at a normal level.

A: Pancreas releases insulin B: Body cells takes up more glucose C: Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen D: Blood glucose decreases to normal E: Pancreas releases glucagon F: Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose to the blood G: Blood glucose returns to normal

what hormone aids stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor

ADH (vasopressin)

Which of the following hormones is stimulated by stress?

adrenocorticotropic hormone

What hormone, indicated by letter B, is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when we are under stress?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What is the primary function of hormones?

alter cell activity

Which hormone aids in water resorption?

antidiuretic hormone

What hormone released into the blood by the posterior pituitary inhibits or prevents urine formation?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?

antidiuretic horomone

The images show the events that occur in your body after you eat a sugary snack. Put the events in the correct sequence

blood glucose becomes high-->pancreas releases insulin-->insulin binds to receptors on target cells-->cells take in glucose-->blood glucose returns to normal

What is the target organ of thyroid hormones' metabolic effects?

cells of the body

choose which condition, has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, "moon face"

cushing's disease

Which of the following adrenal gland homeostatic imbalances is characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels, dramatic losses in muscle and bone protein, and water and salt retention, leading to hypertension and edema?

cushing's syndrome

Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon?

decrease in blood glucose levels

in response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?

decreased insulin secretion

Which of the following is NOT a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to manufacture and release hormones?

enzymatic

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?

epinephrine

Steroid hormones are synthesized from amino acids.

false

The benefit of using a second messenger signaling system is rapid speed of communication.

false

Up-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.

false

Water-soluble hormones are metabolized quickly by the liver.

false

The hypothalamus is known to control the activity of the thyroid, which has traditionally been called the master endocrine gland.

false (pituitary gland)

Which of the following hormones has a different effect when it is released in males instead of females?

follicle-stimulating hormone

Which pancreatic hormone functions to raise blood glucose levels?

glucagon

You would predict that iodized salt would have no effect on any cases of ____________.

grave's disease

which of the following are symptoms of pheochromocytoma

heart palpitation

What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?

hormonal stimuli

What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?

humoral

Where is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) made?

hypothalamus

Which of the following brain structures would cause central diabetes insipidus if it were damaged?

hypothalamus

One can predict that a person suffering from diabetes mellitus would probably have ______.

increased secretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)

Variance in which of the following hormones is responsible for diabetes mellitus (DM)?

insulin

Which of the following best describes the hypoglycemic effect of insulin?

insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells

Which of the following exhibits an antagonistic relationship?

insulin/glucagon

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of water-soluble hormones?

intracellular receptors

What material is stored in the thyroid follicles?

iodinated thyroglobulin, from which thyroid hormone can be released

If a person's parathyroids are responding properly to a drop in blood calcium, which of the following should result?

less calcium is placed in the urine by the kidneys

What property of a hormone would allow it to pass unassisted through a plasma membrane?

lipid-soluble

What happens in the body when blood glucose levels fall? The diagram shows the steps in the homeostasis pathway that occur when blood glucose levels fall.

low blood glucose-->cells in the pancreas-->glucagon-->liver cells-->glycogen breakdown; glucose released into blood)

Which of the following would result from hypoparathyroidism?

neurons becoming more excitable and producing tingling sensations

Which of the following glands increases blood calcium levels?

parathyroid

What allows a cell to respond to a hormone?

presence of a specific hormone receptor

Which of the following is NOT believed to be linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)?

regular cardio exercise

Which testicular cell organelle is primarily responsible for producing the sex hormone testosterone?

smooth ER

All of the following conditions would stimulate the pancreatic beta cells to release insulin EXCEPT one. Which one?

sympathetic activation

__________ is the situation when one hormone exaggerates the effects of another hormone at the target cell?

synergism

Which of the following is NOT representative of endocrine glands?

they have ducts

Which of the following hormones stimulates an increase in basal metabolic rate as a tropic hormone?

thyroid-stimulating hormone

What amino acid-based hormone uses the direct gene activation method illustrated in this image?

thyroxine

What is the name for the type of hormone, secreted by the pituitary that regulates other endocrine organs?

tropins

The adrenal medulla is stimulated to release catecholamines during sympathetic autonomic nervous responses.

true