A&P II chapter 18
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH
If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?
TSH, ACTH, PRL
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
a G protein
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
are produced by the suprarenal medulla
Steroid hormones
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
calmodulin
The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ion. This complex can then activate enzymes.
calmodulin
The suprarenal medulla produces
catecholamines
Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger?
cyclic AMP
The primary function of ADH is to
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.
Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in
decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.
Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine
Which of these is NOT produced by pancreatic islet cells?
digestive enzymes
From the list below, choose the response that lists the structures that produce the following hormones in correct order for signaling to their respective organs: GHRH, GH, somatomedins, target tissue
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, liver, skeletal muscle
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of
hypothyroidism
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is
increased water conservation by kidneys.
Which of the following is not an action of TSH?
inhibits T3 and T4 secretion
Which of these hormones is NOT derived from an amino acid?
insulin
During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),
lipid reserves are mobilized
The condition known as hirsutism can result from too
much androgen production
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are
oxytocin
Two hormones that have additive effects are called
synergists
The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are
thymosins
Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid
tyrosine.
Which of these hormones exerts a strong effect on adrenal steroid production?
ACTH
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except
ACTH levels
If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?
glucagon
After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
ADH
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
ADH.
Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?
All of the answers are correct
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by the human pars intermedia
All of the answers are correct
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include
All of the answers are correct.
Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of these might result from excessive parathyroid hormone release?
All of these might result from excessive parathyroid hormone release.
________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
Hormones
Which of these statements about the pineal gland is FALSE?
It is controlled by the adenohypophysis
The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.
endocrine
Which of these is a steroid hormone produced by the gonads?
estradiol
Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.
estrogen
A kinase is an enzyme that performs
phosphorylation
The term used to describe excess production of urine is
polyuria
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
prolactin
Endocrine cells
release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
resistance
Which phase of the General Adaptation System is illustrated in this image?
resistance phase
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
somatomedins
The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
somatostatin.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
somatotropin
