A&P II chapter 18

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?

TSH, ACTH, PRL

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

a G protein

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the suprarenal medulla

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

calmodulin

The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ion. This complex can then activate enzymes.

calmodulin

The suprarenal medulla produces

catecholamines

Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in

decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are

derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine

Which of these is NOT produced by pancreatic islet cells?

digestive enzymes

From the list below, choose the response that lists the structures that produce the following hormones in correct order for signaling to their respective organs: GHRH, GH, somatomedins, target tissue

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, liver, skeletal muscle

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

hypothyroidism

The main action of antidiuretic hormone is

increased water conservation by kidneys.

Which of the following is not an action of TSH?

inhibits T3 and T4 secretion

Which of these hormones is NOT derived from an amino acid?

insulin

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),

lipid reserves are mobilized

The condition known as hirsutism can result from too

much androgen production

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin

Two hormones that have additive effects are called

synergists

The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are

thymosins

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

tyrosine.

Which of these hormones exerts a strong effect on adrenal steroid production?

ACTH

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

ACTH levels

If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?

glucagon

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH.

Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?

All of the answers are correct

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by the human pars intermedia

All of the answers are correct

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include

All of the answers are correct.

Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of these might result from excessive parathyroid hormone release?

All of these might result from excessive parathyroid hormone release.

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

Which of these statements about the pineal gland is FALSE?

It is controlled by the adenohypophysis

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.

endocrine

Which of these is a steroid hormone produced by the gonads?

estradiol

Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

A kinase is an enzyme that performs

phosphorylation

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

polyuria

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

prolactin

Endocrine cells

release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

Which phase of the General Adaptation System is illustrated in this image?

resistance phase

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

somatomedins

The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

somatostatin.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

somatotropin