A&P II Final

Place the following events in the correct sequence beginning with rising CO2 levels as a result of increased aerobic metabolism.

1.) CO2 concentrations rise 2.) Carbonic acid levels rise 3.) The pH falls 4.) Peripheral and central chemoreceptors are stimulated 5.) The pulmonary ventilation rate is increased

Which of the following is a result of senescence?

All of these are a result of senescence.

During which of the following phases do homologous pairs separate?

Anaphase I

Select the ways in which the kidneys buffer hydrogen ions before they are eliminated via the urine. Check all that apply

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the tubular fluid neutralize H+., Na2PO4 (dibasic sodium phosphate) reacts with some of the H+, replacing one of the sodium ions in the buffering process.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the absorptive and post-absorptive states? Check all that apply.

During the absorptive state nutrients may be used immediately to meet energy demands./ Glycogenolysis is most likely utilized to meet energy demands during the postabsorptive state./ Gluconeogenesis most likely occurs at least 4 hours after the last meal.

A physiological buffer is a system, namely the digestive system, that stabilizes pH by controlling the body's output of acids, bases, or CO2

False

During exercise, skeletal muscles are responsible for about 30 to 40 times as much heat as the rest of the body. However, during rest, the heat from skeletal muscles is negligible.

False

Germ-line cells are haploid but gametes are diploid

False

Independent assortment occurs in prophase I

False

The rate of senescence of different organ systems is relatively the same.

False

In which direction do the peristaltic contractions of the stomach's smooth muscle move contents?

From the fundus to the pylorus

Which of the following statements is true regarding glycogen? Check all that apply

Glycogen is a storage form of glucose./ An insulin deficiency could result in a decrease in glycogenesis./ A deficiency of glycogen phosphorylase could result in hypoglycemia.

A 78-year-old woman is found unconscious on the floor of her Philadelphia apartment in August. The temperature outside is 102 degrees Fahrenheit and the relative humidity is 94%. The woman's skin is hot and dry. Which of the following conditions is she most likely suffering from?

Heat stroke

Which of the following is a change in the male body during puberty? Check all that apply

Increase in testis and scrotum size/ Hair growth in the axillary region, pubic region, and face/ Increased rate of spermatogenesis/Increased testosterone levels resulting in increased libido (sex drive)

The extracellular fluid compartment includes what fluids? Check all that apply.

Interstitial fluid, Blood plasma, Cerebral spinal fluid, Pleural and pericardial fluid

What is the term used to describe the amount of energy liberated in the body per unit of time?

Metabolic rate

Which of the following statements is true regarding the absorption of nutrients? Check all that apply.

Micelles are required for lipid absorption./ Carbohydrates are absorbed as monosaccharides.

Why is proper nutrition an important part of slowing the rate of senescence?

More than almost anything else, senescence can result from obesity.

Which of the following is a principal source of body heat? Check all that apply

Muscle contraction/ Chemical reactions associated with cellular activity/ Hormone secretion by endocrine glands

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the biological distinction of male and female? Check all that apply.

Only the male gamete is motile./The egg, or ovum, is unique to human females./ The penis is the copulatory organ of the male. /Human females lack a Y chromosome. / Both ova and spermatazoa are considered gametes.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the regulation of digestive secretions? Check all that apply.

Pancreatic enzymes are under both neural and hormonal control./ Via the vagus nerve, acetylcholine stimulates the pancreatic acini.

Which of the following is a method of motility in the small intestine? Check all that apply.

Segmentation/ Peristalsis Peristalsis/ Migrating motor complex

Semen is very low in volume and the sperm cells have difficulty with motility because there isn't enough of an energy supply to power their flagella. Which of the following accessory glands of male reproduction may be malfunctioning? Check all that apply

Seminal vesicle/ Thymus gland

Which of the following statements is true regarding the regulation of the absorptive state? Check all that apply.

The absorptive state is regulated largely by insulin./ In response to insulin, cells increase their glucose uptake by as much as 20 times./ Gluconeogenesis is inhibited./ Transcription is promoted.

After meiosis in the male primary spermatocyte, the resultant secondary spermatocytes are genetically different than the body's somatic cells. The immune system is inclined to attack this 'foreign' cell. Which of the following contributes to the prevention of auto-immune responses to one's own spermatocytes?

The blood-testis-barrier

Which of the following statements is true regarding why hot, humid weather hinders temperature regulation?

The humidity decreases the ability to evaporate sweat off the body, and radiation adds heat to the body rather than allowing heat to leave the body.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding mechanical and/or chemical digestion? Check all that apply.

The muscular contractions of the stomach's muscularis layers contribute to mechanical digestion., The action of pepsin on proteins in the stomach is an example of chemical digestion.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the swallowing reflex? Check all that apply

The oral phase is voluntary and the phayngoesophageal phase is involuntary./ Four different cranial nerves carry the motor impulses of the reflex.

Which of the following statements is/are true about gastric motility? Check all that apply.

The stomach uses the contraction of three layers of muscle to mix, churn, and propel its contents to the duodenum/ When the pyloric sphincter is relaxed, chyme moves from the stomach to the duodenum/ The receptive-relaxation response of the stomach allows it to accommodate more food

The renal tubules secrete H+ into the tubular fluid, where most of it binds to bicarbonate, ammonia, and phosphate buffers.

True

Which of the following statements regarding cholesterol is true? Check all that apply

Vigorous exercise can lower serum cholesterol levels./ High density lipoproteins (HDL) help remove cholesterol from the body./ Cigarette smoking can increase the levels of LDLs in the blood./ A diet low in saturated fat will lower serum cholesterol more than a diet low in actual cholesterol.

The sex of a child is determined by:

at conception/ at fertilization/ by the sperm cell/ by an X or a Y sex chromosome

An ingested chemical that is used for growth, repair, or maintenance of the body is called a(n)

nutrient

An inability to achieve an erection in response to direct genital stimulation may be due to damage to the

parasympathetic fibers of S2 to S4

The contributes a clotting component to semen that activates a protein that causes semen to stick to the inside of the female reproductive system rather than flowing back out after ejaculation.

prostate gland

The degeneration that occurs in an organ system following a certain age is called:

senescence