A&P Lab 5-6 Review

skeletal muscle

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

nervous tissue

A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.

arrector pili muscle

Causes hair to stand on end and goose bumps to appear

reticular layer of dermis

Contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors; lower dermal region.

Which type of connective tissue prevents muscles from pulling away from bones during a contraction? A. Elastic cartilage B. Reticular connective tissue C. Hyaline cartilage D. Dense regular connective tissue E. Elastic connective tissue

D. Dense regular connective tissue

A person with dark skin has more melanocytes than a fair skinned person True False

False

An arrector pili muscle is composed of skeletal muscle tissue. True False

False

Tattoo ink is placed in the epidermis. True False

False

The mitotic cells in a nail are found in the eponychium. True False

False

There are 3 layers of the skin: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. True False

False

smooth muscle tissue

In the walls of internal organs; usually involuntarily controlled

Tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles)

Occur in dermal papillae

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

stratum granulosum

3rd layer of the epidermis

Which of the following statements accurately defines collagen? A. Collagen is a thick protein fiber designed to provide tensile strength. B. Collagen is a thick protein fiber designed to stretch and reform for movement. C. Collagen is the least abundant protein in the human body. D. Collagen is found on the surface of the skin. E. Collagen lines the digestive tract.

A. Collagen is a thick protein fiber designed to provide tensile strength.

Which type of connective tissue comprises the external ear canal? A. Elastic cartilage B. Reticular C. Dense irregular D. Fibrocartilage E. Hyaline cartilage

A. Elastic cartilage

Which of the following statements accurately describes cartilaginous connective tissue? A. Tough but flexible tissue resistant to tension, stretching, and compressive forces B. Substance present in a solution in lower amounts; often a solid C. Helps insulate the body and is found under the skin. D. Supportive extracellular matrix consisting of the basal lamina made by epithelial cells and the reticular lamina made by underlying cells of connective tissue E. Region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane that contains the cytosol and organelles

A. Tough but flexible tissue resistant to tension, stretching, and compressive forces

The functions of all simple epithelial tissue include _________________. (choose all that apply) A. secretion B. absorption C. cushioning D. diffusion E. protection

A. secretion B. absorption D. diffusion

Epithelial tissue is named first according to the ______________ and secondly according to the ________________. A. number of layers of cells; shape of cells B. shape of the cells; number of layers of cells C. name of the matrix; shape of the cells D. shape of the cells; names of the cells E. shape of the cells; name of the ground substance

A. number of layers of cells; shape of cells

Which of the following are characteristics of thin skin? Check all that apply. A. Contains hair follicles and arrector pili muscles B. Contains a stratum lucidum C. Contains sweat glands. D. No hair follicles E. Located on the palms and soles F. Contains sebaceous glands

A. Contains hair follicles and arrector pili muscles C. Contains sweat glands. F. Contains sebaceous glands

Which of the following statements accurately defines dermis? A. Deeper layer of the skin composed of loose connective tissue and dense irregular collagenous connective tissue B. Produces the protein keratin C. Outer, protective layer of the skin composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelial tissue D. Tissue that contains ground substance as the dominant component; found as part of the basement membrane and in the walls of hollow organs

A. Deeper layer of the skin composed of loose connective tissue and dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

The tissue in Figure 5.13B below would not be found in the ___________________. A. stomach B. anus C. vagina D. mouth E. esophagus

A. stomach

Epithelial tissue has the following characteristics (pick all that apply): A. is vascular B. can absorb C. covers body surfaces D. can secrete products E. provides structural support F. rests on a basement membrane G. can be protective

B. can absorb C. covers body surfaces D. can secrete products F. rests on a basement membrane G. can be protective

Hyaline cartilage can be found _____________. (choose all that apply) A. in between the vertebrae B. connecting the ribs to the sternum C. at the ends of long bones D. in the epiphyseal plate E. in the epiglottis F. nose G. in the outer part of the ear

B. connecting the ribs to the sternum C. at the ends of long bones D. in the epiphyseal plate F. nose

Extracellular matrix consists of a gelatinous substance called ____________ and numerous different ____________ A. basal lamina, protein fibers B. ground substance, protein fibers C. cells, protein fibers D. glycolipids, proteins E. ground substance, glycoproteins

B. ground substance, protein fibers

Identify the tissue in Figure A. Cardiac muscle tissue B. Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue C. Dense regular collagenous connective tissue D. Hyaline cartilage E. Reticular connective tissue

B. Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

The tissue in Figure 5.13A would most likely be found in or lining _____________________. A. the rectum B. kidney tubules C. the trachea D. ureters E. alveoli of the lungs

B. kidney tubules

Which of the following statements accurately defines epidermis? A. Hard, dense bone tissue found on the outer surface of a bone B. Outer, protective layer of the skin composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelial tissue C. Single layer of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina D. A thick protein fiber composed of the protein collagen

B. Outer, protective layer of the skin composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelial tissue

Which is not a function of skin? A. temperature regulation B. calcium production C. waste excretion D. protection E. synthesis of vitamin D

B. calcium production

Fibrocartilage is a tough but flexible tissue resistant to tension, stretching, and compressive forces found in which of the following places (select all that apply) A. between the ribs and sternum B. pubic symphysis C. nasal septum D. menisci of the knee E. tracheal cartilage F. intervertebral discs G. epiglottis

B. pubic symphysis D. menisci of the knee F. intervertebral discs

The layers of the epidermis in thick skin from superficial to deep are: A. stratum lucidum, stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum B. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale C. none are correct D. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum E. stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum corneum, and stratum lucidum

B. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale

Which of the following statements accurately describes the meaning of the word "striated"? A. Having a branched appearance B. Series of membranes; modifies proteins made by the ribosomes C. Having a striped appearance D. Having a circular appearance E. Having an irregular appearance where structures go in different directions

C. Having a striped appearance

Identify the tissue in Figure. A. Simple cuboidal epithelium B. Osseous connective tissue C. Hyaline cartilage D. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E. Stratified squamous epithelium

C. Hyaline cartilage

Where is reticular connective tissue found in the body? A. Part of the basement membrane, walls of hollow organs B. Lining hollow organs, in the skin, in the eye, and surrounding many glands C. Spleen and lymph nodes D. Tendons and ligaments E. Oral cavity, pharynx, vagina, anus

C. Spleen and lymph nodes

Identify the cells you would find in the tissue in Figure A. erythrocytes B. adipocytes C. osteocytes D. reticulocytes E. chondrocytes

C. osteocytes

Which of the following statements accurately defines hair follicle? A. Gland located in the superolateral orbit that produces tears B. Portion of the epidermis that dips down into the dermis from which new hair grows C. Flexible structure that focuses light onto the retina D. None of the above

C. Hard, keratinized cells that cover and protect the distal parts of fingers and toes

Which of the following structures found in the stratum basale function in light touch and texture discrimination? A. Free nerve endings B. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles C. Merkel cells (tactlie discs) D. Meissner's corpuscles E. Ruffini corpuscles

C. Merkel cells (tactlie discs)

Ground substance is best described as which of the following statements? A. Ground substance consists of mostly collagen fibers B. Ground substance has basal and reticular layers. C. Ground substance of muscle tissue has many striations. D. Ground substance is the contains glycoproteins and polysaccharides in a syrupy, gelatinous, or solid medium around cells. E. Ground substance is found inside the lacunae.

D. Ground substance is the contains glycoproteins and polysaccharides in a syrupy, gelatinous, or solid medium around cells

Identify the tissue in Figure A. Simple ciliated columnar epithelium B. Transitional epithelium C. Stratified ciliated columnar epithelium D. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E. Stratified cuboidal epithelium

D. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Which of the following statements accurately defines hypodermis? A. Deepest layer of the epidermis B. Fourth layer of the epidermis C. A single layer of epithelial cells D. Layer of adipose tissue deep to the skin

D. Layer of adipose tissue deep to the skin

Eccrine sweat is released into a ______________________, and sebum is released into a ___________________. A. duct; blood vessel B. hair follicle; blood vessel C. papilla; pore D. duct; hair follicle E. hair follicle; duct

D. duct; hair follicle

Which cells are protected by melanin? A. osteocytes B. melanocytes C. corneocytes D. keratinocytes E. monocyte

D. keratinocytes

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Deep to the dermis; not technically part of the skin; made of adipose tissue; helps insulate

Which of the following statements accurately defines columnar cell? A. Region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane that contains the cytosol and organelles B. Cell wider than it is tall with a round nucleus generally located near the top of the cell C. Columnar cells are very flat and narrow. D. Columnar describes the shape of a protein fiber composed of the protein elastin, which makes a tissue distensible. E. Cell taller than it is wide with a round nucleus generally located near the base of the cell

E. Cell taller than it is wide with a round nucleus generally located near the base of the cell

In which of the following tissue types might you expect to find goblet cells? A. Transitional epithelium B. Simple squamous epithelium C. Simple cuboidal epithelium D. Stratified squamous epithelium E. Simple columnar epithelium

E. Simple columnar epithelium

Where is transitional epithelium found in the body? A. Air sacs of the lungs B. In the walls of the uterus C. Lining the lumen of blood and lymphatic vessels D. Lining membranes of the ventral body cavity E. Urinary bladder

E. Urinary bladder

The primary protein produced by the main cell type in the epidermis is ____________________. A. melanin B. actin C. carotene D. collagen E. keratin

E. keratin

proximal nail fold

Edge that covers the nail root

simple columnar epithelium

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action. Location: nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

simple squamous epithelium

Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae. Location: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity(serosae)

dense irregular connective tissue

Function: able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength Location: fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Function: protection Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.

stratified squamous epithelium

Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane.

simple cuboidal epithelium

Function: secretion and absorption Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface.

stratum spinosum (spiny layer)

Largest layer of the epidermis. Under the stratum granulosum layer

hyaline cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose

Which of the following statements accurately defines simple epithelial tissue? A. A layer of epithelial tissue on the surface of all organs. B. Many cell layers on a basement membrane that are flattened at the top. C. The underlying material protecting other tissues. D. Single layer of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina E. Two or more layers of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina

Single layer of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina

Hyponychium

Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail

lateral nail fold

The fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail

sweat gland

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.

hair root

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.

lamellated corpuscles

The receptors for deep pressure in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue are ___.

The reticular region of the dermis contains [x] tissue. The epidermis contains [y] tissue. dense regular connective dense irregular connective areolar connective simple squamous epithelial stratified squamous epithelial adipose connective

The reticular region of the dermis contains dense irregular connective tissue. The epidermis contains stratified squamous epithelial tissue.

reticular connective tissue

forms supporting tissue in walls of liver and spleen

Apocrine sweat glands are found in the axillary and genital region. True False

True

To permanently prevent hair growth you must destroy the hair matrix. True False

True

transitional epithelium

function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

nail plate

hard part of the nail

dermal papillae

a fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch)

stratum lucidum (epidermis)

a layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles

hair follicle

a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair

adipose connective tissue

acts as a storage depot for fat

dense elastic connective tissue

aorta

Fibrocartilage

cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord.

blood tissue

connective tissue with a liquid extracellular matrix and formed elements

stratum basale

deepest layer of epidermis

hair papilla

dermal tissue containing a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to growing hair

sweat duct

duct leading from sweat gland to surface of skin; carries sweat

The four primary tissue types include _________________________. A.epithelial B. connective C. muscle D. nervous E. osseous

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

elastic cartilage

external ear, epiglottis

Eponychium (cuticle)

narrow zone of dead skin overhanging proximal end of nail

stratum corneum

outermost layer of epidermis

Hair bulb matrix

produces the actual hair shaft as well as the inner and outer root sheaths of hair

nail matrix

responsible for nail growth

cardiac muscle tissue

specialized muscle tissue found only in the heart

dense regular connective tissue

tendons and ligaments

Lunula of nail

the half moon shaped, white area at the base of the nail

free edge of nail

the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body

papillary layer of dermis

upper layer of the dermis that forms dermal papillae

hair shaft

visible part of the hair