A&P Lab 7

Which of the patients tested was(were) in the borderline range for insulin-mediated glucose uptake? Which of the patients tested was(were) in the borderline range for insulin-mediated glucose uptake? patient 2 patients 2 and 4 patients 2 and 3 patient 3 patient 4

2 4

Which of the patients tested was(were) in the diabetic range? Which of the patients tested was(were) in the diabetic range? patients 3 and 5 patients 3, 4, and 5 patients 3 and 4 patient 3

3 5

what does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce

ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH

What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? Hints What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? aldosterone ADH (vasopressin) cortisol angiotensin II

ADH

what hormones does the hypothalamus produce

ADH, OXT and regulatory hormones

2) Diabetes insipidus is caused by inadequate amounts of the hormone, _______, and like all types of diabetes, it is characterized by __________.

ADH, underproduction idk

3) Which of the following substances wouldn't be used to increase athletic performance? [Choices: GH, EPO, MSH, GHB

MSH

what does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce

OXT and ADH

In this experiment, optical density is measured using a _______. In this experiment, optical density is measured using a _______. spectrophotometer microscope caliper thermocycler

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

4) What hormone counteracts PTH, therefore lowering blood calcium levels

calcitonin

Which hormone is the antagonist to PtH and functions to lower blood calcium levels? Which hormone is the antagonist to PtH and functions to lower blood calcium levels? calcitonin glucagon calcitriol estrogen

calcitonin

what does PTH do

calcium and phosphorous levels in blood

what does OXT do

chemical messenger for parts of the reproductive system

Where in the parathyroid gland is PtH produced? Where in the parathyroid gland is PtH produced? chief cells follicular cells oxyphils parafollicular cells or C-cells

chief cells

what hormones do the adrenal cortex glands release

cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgens

OP of glucocorticoids

cushing's disease

what does MSH do

darkens skin

In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? Hints In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? decreased cardiac output decreased or difficulty breathing decreased sweating decreased insulin secretion

decreased insulin secretion

Primary endocrine disorders may be due to damage to the hormone producing organ. Karen's thyroid gland suffered damage from repeated exposure to radiation because of a neck injury. Which of the following is least likely to be part of a primary endocrine disorder for Karen? hyposecretion of T3 and T4 decreased osteoblast sensitivity to calcitonin hyposecretion of calcitonin all of the above

decreases osteoblast sensitivity to calcitonin

what happens with underproduction of ADH

diabetes insipidus

1) The type of diabetes associated with inadequate production of insulin and usually develops in children and young adults is called _______________.

diabetes mellitus

happens with UP of insulin

diabetes mellitus

what does thyroxine do

digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development, maintaining bones

Using this assay, glucose concentration is _______. Using this assay, glucose concentration is _______. directly proportional to the volume of blood sampled inversely proportional to optical density directly proportional to optical density inversely proportional to the volume of blood sampled

directly proportional to optical density

what does FSH do

egg and sperm production

2) ________________ syndrome is a condition in which the pituitary gland becomes shrunken or flattened.

empty sella syndrome

Which type of long distance intercellular communication do hormones like parathyroid hormone (PtH) fall into? Which type of long distance intercellular communication do hormones like parathyroid hormone (PtH) fall into? paracrine endocrine direct synaptic

endocrine

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? Hints Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? ADH (vasopressin) aldosterone epinephrine cortisol

epinephrine

what hormones do the adrenal medulla glands release

epinephrine and noepinephrine

happens with OP of insulin

excess insulin production

what are signs of overproduction of GH

excessive growth

what does FSH mean

follicle stimulating hormone

4) Diabetes associated with pregnancy is called _______________ diabetes.

gestational

what happens with overproduction of the growth hormone

gigantism, acromegaly

1) Certain medications can cause drug-induced diabetes. It is most commonly associate with a group of drugs called ______________.

glucocorticoids; decrease inflammation in the body

2) When someone is talking about blood sugar levels, what specific sugar molecule are they referring to?

glucose

3) The most common form of hypothyroidism in the United States is called ____________ disease, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

hashimoto's disease

Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? Hints Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? low blood glucose cool, dry skin slow heart rate heart palpitations

heart palpitations

signs of OP of PTH

high Ca+ conc; weak bones

signs of UP of insulin

high blood gluose, glycosuria, lipids for energy

signs of overproduction of T4 and T3

high metabolic rate and body temp

signs of OP of E and NE

high metabolism, body temp and heart rate

1) Excessive growth of facial or body hair in women called __________ is a sign of hyperandrogenism.

hirsutism

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called Hints The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called positive feedback. negative feedback. diabetes. homeostasis. None of the above.

homeostasis

happens with OP of PTH

hyperparathyroidism

happens with overproduction of T4 and T3

hyperthyroidism, graves disease

UP of mineralcorticoids

hypoaldosteronism

happens with underproduction of PTH

hypoparathyroidism

happens with underproduction of T4 and T3

hypothyroidism

what does LH do

in females, ovulation; in males, testosterone

signs of UP of glucocorticoids

inability to tolerate stress

what does epinephrine do

increase heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure and sugar

signs of overproduction of ADH

increased body weight and water content

signs of OP of mineralcorticoids

increased body weight because of Na+ and water

what does norepinephrine do

increases heart rate and blood pressure

3) What hormone allows glucose to enter cells, such as muscle and liver cells?

insulin

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Hints What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Muscle cells. Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Cells in the pancreas. Intestinal cells. Liver cells.

liver

Body cells that respond to insulin include Hints Body cells that respond to insulin include Liver cells and muscle cells only. Intestinal cells only. Liver cells only. Muscle cells only. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

liver cells and most other cells

signs of OP of insulin

low blood glucose (coma maybe)

signs of underproduction of T4 and T3

low metabolic rate, low body temp, impaired physical and mental development

what does LH mean

luteinizing hormone

what does PRL do

measure the level of prolactin in the blood

what does MSH mean

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Your friend has been taking a cocktail of hormone supplements in an effort to gain a competitive edge during an upcoming marathon. You tell him that this is unhealthy and illegal. But it also gets you thinking about what might be in this cocktail? Which of the following is NOT a likely ingredient?

melatonin

what hormones does the pineal gland produce

melatonin

signs of UP of PTH

muscular weakness, neuro problems

what does OXT mean

oxytocin

When blood glucose levels are low Hints When blood glucose levels are low The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen.

pancreas releases glucagon which causes BG levels to increase

When blood glucose levels are high Hints When blood glucose levels are high The pancreas releases glucagon. The liver releases insulin. The liver releases glucagon. The pancreas releases glucose. The pancreas releases insulin.

pancreas releases insulin

what does PTH mean

parathyroid hormone

what hormones do the parathyroid glands produce

parathyroid hormone

OP of E and NE

pheochromocytoma

what happens with underproduction of the growth hormone

pituitary growth failure

Where would you find the receptor for PtH? Where would you find the receptor for PtH? on the plasma membrane of target cells on the plasma membrane of all cells in the nucleus of target cells in the cytosol of target cells

plasma membrane of target cell

what are signs of underproduction of ADH

polyuria, dehydration, thirst

signs of UP of mineralcorticoids

polyuria, low blood volume, high K+

Diabetes insipidus occurs when the _____ lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases _____. Diabetes insipidus occurs when the _____ lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases _____. anterior, ACTH anterior, ADH posterior, ACTH posterior; ADH

posterior; ADH

what do androgens do

produce estrogen in females

what does PRL mean

prolactin

what does calcitonin do

regulate calcium and phosphorous levels in blood opposite of parathyroid glands

what does cortisol/sterone do

response to stress, metabolism, immune system

what are the signs of underproduction of the growth hormone

retarded growth, abnormal fat distribution

what does aldosterone do

sodium and potassium in the body

what does ACTH do

stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids

what happens with overproduction of ADH

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

A liver cell responds to insulin by Hints A liver cell responds to insulin by Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. Releasing insulin. Releasing glucagon. Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose.

taking in glucose and converting to glycogen

what does TSH do

tells the thyroid gland to release or make thyroid hormones in the blood

what does TSH mean

thyroid stimulating hormone

what hormones does the thyroid gland release

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin (CT)

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face." Hints Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face." Addison's disease pheochromocytoma Cushing's disease

Cushing's disease

signs of OP of glucocorticoids

breakdown of tissue, proteins, lipid reserves

In secondary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone release from the thyroid is impaired because of a lack in TRH or TSH. Considering the information above, secondary hypogonadism could result from a lack in which of the following hormones? In secondary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone release from the thyroid is impaired because of a lack in TRH or TSH. Considering the information above, secondary hypogonadism could result from a lack in which of the following hormones? growth Hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

GnRH

UP of glucocorticoids

addison's disease

what does ACTH mean

adrenocorticotropic hormone

OP of mineralcorticoids

aldosteronism

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) made the news as an anabolic steroid used by athletes, but also as a drug that became associated with "date rapes" because of its sedative properties. Which of the following may play a role wherein physiological effect takes place when ingesting GHB? sensitivity of the target cell interactions with other hormones the level of stress experienced at the time of ingestion all of the above

all

what does T3 do

almost all physiological processes in the body

what does ADH mean

antidiuretic hormone

what does ADH do

balances amount of water in your kidneys