A&P Lab 7
Which of the patients tested was(were) in the borderline range for insulin-mediated glucose uptake? Which of the patients tested was(were) in the borderline range for insulin-mediated glucose uptake? patient 2 patients 2 and 4 patients 2 and 3 patient 3 patient 4
2 4
Which of the patients tested was(were) in the diabetic range? Which of the patients tested was(were) in the diabetic range? patients 3 and 5 patients 3, 4, and 5 patients 3 and 4 patient 3
3 5
what does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce
ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH
What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? Hints What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? aldosterone ADH (vasopressin) cortisol angiotensin II
ADH
what hormones does the hypothalamus produce
ADH, OXT and regulatory hormones
2) Diabetes insipidus is caused by inadequate amounts of the hormone, _______, and like all types of diabetes, it is characterized by __________.
ADH, underproduction idk
3) Which of the following substances wouldn't be used to increase athletic performance? [Choices: GH, EPO, MSH, GHB
MSH
what does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce
OXT and ADH
In this experiment, optical density is measured using a _______. In this experiment, optical density is measured using a _______. spectrophotometer microscope caliper thermocycler
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
4) What hormone counteracts PTH, therefore lowering blood calcium levels
calcitonin
Which hormone is the antagonist to PtH and functions to lower blood calcium levels? Which hormone is the antagonist to PtH and functions to lower blood calcium levels? calcitonin glucagon calcitriol estrogen
calcitonin
what does PTH do
calcium and phosphorous levels in blood
what does OXT do
chemical messenger for parts of the reproductive system
Where in the parathyroid gland is PtH produced? Where in the parathyroid gland is PtH produced? chief cells follicular cells oxyphils parafollicular cells or C-cells
chief cells
what hormones do the adrenal cortex glands release
cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgens
OP of glucocorticoids
cushing's disease
what does MSH do
darkens skin
In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? Hints In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? decreased cardiac output decreased or difficulty breathing decreased sweating decreased insulin secretion
decreased insulin secretion
Primary endocrine disorders may be due to damage to the hormone producing organ. Karen's thyroid gland suffered damage from repeated exposure to radiation because of a neck injury. Which of the following is least likely to be part of a primary endocrine disorder for Karen? hyposecretion of T3 and T4 decreased osteoblast sensitivity to calcitonin hyposecretion of calcitonin all of the above
decreases osteoblast sensitivity to calcitonin
what happens with underproduction of ADH
diabetes insipidus
1) The type of diabetes associated with inadequate production of insulin and usually develops in children and young adults is called _______________.
diabetes mellitus
happens with UP of insulin
diabetes mellitus
what does thyroxine do
digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development, maintaining bones
Using this assay, glucose concentration is _______. Using this assay, glucose concentration is _______. directly proportional to the volume of blood sampled inversely proportional to optical density directly proportional to optical density inversely proportional to the volume of blood sampled
directly proportional to optical density
what does FSH do
egg and sperm production
2) ________________ syndrome is a condition in which the pituitary gland becomes shrunken or flattened.
empty sella syndrome
Which type of long distance intercellular communication do hormones like parathyroid hormone (PtH) fall into? Which type of long distance intercellular communication do hormones like parathyroid hormone (PtH) fall into? paracrine endocrine direct synaptic
endocrine
Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? Hints Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? ADH (vasopressin) aldosterone epinephrine cortisol
epinephrine
what hormones do the adrenal medulla glands release
epinephrine and noepinephrine
happens with OP of insulin
excess insulin production
what are signs of overproduction of GH
excessive growth
what does FSH mean
follicle stimulating hormone
4) Diabetes associated with pregnancy is called _______________ diabetes.
gestational
what happens with overproduction of the growth hormone
gigantism, acromegaly
1) Certain medications can cause drug-induced diabetes. It is most commonly associate with a group of drugs called ______________.
glucocorticoids; decrease inflammation in the body
2) When someone is talking about blood sugar levels, what specific sugar molecule are they referring to?
glucose
3) The most common form of hypothyroidism in the United States is called ____________ disease, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
hashimoto's disease
Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? Hints Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? low blood glucose cool, dry skin slow heart rate heart palpitations
heart palpitations
signs of OP of PTH
high Ca+ conc; weak bones
signs of UP of insulin
high blood gluose, glycosuria, lipids for energy
signs of overproduction of T4 and T3
high metabolic rate and body temp
signs of OP of E and NE
high metabolism, body temp and heart rate
1) Excessive growth of facial or body hair in women called __________ is a sign of hyperandrogenism.
hirsutism
The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called Hints The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called positive feedback. negative feedback. diabetes. homeostasis. None of the above.
homeostasis
happens with OP of PTH
hyperparathyroidism
happens with overproduction of T4 and T3
hyperthyroidism, graves disease
UP of mineralcorticoids
hypoaldosteronism
happens with underproduction of PTH
hypoparathyroidism
happens with underproduction of T4 and T3
hypothyroidism
what does LH do
in females, ovulation; in males, testosterone
signs of UP of glucocorticoids
inability to tolerate stress
what does epinephrine do
increase heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure and sugar
signs of overproduction of ADH
increased body weight and water content
signs of OP of mineralcorticoids
increased body weight because of Na+ and water
what does norepinephrine do
increases heart rate and blood pressure
3) What hormone allows glucose to enter cells, such as muscle and liver cells?
insulin
What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Hints What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Muscle cells. Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Cells in the pancreas. Intestinal cells. Liver cells.
liver
Body cells that respond to insulin include Hints Body cells that respond to insulin include Liver cells and muscle cells only. Intestinal cells only. Liver cells only. Muscle cells only. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
liver cells and most other cells
signs of OP of insulin
low blood glucose (coma maybe)
signs of underproduction of T4 and T3
low metabolic rate, low body temp, impaired physical and mental development
what does LH mean
luteinizing hormone
what does PRL do
measure the level of prolactin in the blood
what does MSH mean
melanocyte stimulating hormone
Your friend has been taking a cocktail of hormone supplements in an effort to gain a competitive edge during an upcoming marathon. You tell him that this is unhealthy and illegal. But it also gets you thinking about what might be in this cocktail? Which of the following is NOT a likely ingredient?
melatonin
what hormones does the pineal gland produce
melatonin
signs of UP of PTH
muscular weakness, neuro problems
what does OXT mean
oxytocin
When blood glucose levels are low Hints When blood glucose levels are low The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen.
pancreas releases glucagon which causes BG levels to increase
When blood glucose levels are high Hints When blood glucose levels are high The pancreas releases glucagon. The liver releases insulin. The liver releases glucagon. The pancreas releases glucose. The pancreas releases insulin.
pancreas releases insulin
what does PTH mean
parathyroid hormone
what hormones do the parathyroid glands produce
parathyroid hormone
OP of E and NE
pheochromocytoma
what happens with underproduction of the growth hormone
pituitary growth failure
Where would you find the receptor for PtH? Where would you find the receptor for PtH? on the plasma membrane of target cells on the plasma membrane of all cells in the nucleus of target cells in the cytosol of target cells
plasma membrane of target cell
what are signs of underproduction of ADH
polyuria, dehydration, thirst
signs of UP of mineralcorticoids
polyuria, low blood volume, high K+
Diabetes insipidus occurs when the _____ lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases _____. Diabetes insipidus occurs when the _____ lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases _____. anterior, ACTH anterior, ADH posterior, ACTH posterior; ADH
posterior; ADH
what do androgens do
produce estrogen in females
what does PRL mean
prolactin
what does calcitonin do
regulate calcium and phosphorous levels in blood opposite of parathyroid glands
what does cortisol/sterone do
response to stress, metabolism, immune system
what are the signs of underproduction of the growth hormone
retarded growth, abnormal fat distribution
what does aldosterone do
sodium and potassium in the body
what does ACTH do
stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids
what happens with overproduction of ADH
syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
A liver cell responds to insulin by Hints A liver cell responds to insulin by Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. Releasing insulin. Releasing glucagon. Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose.
taking in glucose and converting to glycogen
what does TSH do
tells the thyroid gland to release or make thyroid hormones in the blood
what does TSH mean
thyroid stimulating hormone
what hormones does the thyroid gland release
thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin (CT)
Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face." Hints Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face." Addison's disease pheochromocytoma Cushing's disease
Cushing's disease
signs of OP of glucocorticoids
breakdown of tissue, proteins, lipid reserves
In secondary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone release from the thyroid is impaired because of a lack in TRH or TSH. Considering the information above, secondary hypogonadism could result from a lack in which of the following hormones? In secondary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone release from the thyroid is impaired because of a lack in TRH or TSH. Considering the information above, secondary hypogonadism could result from a lack in which of the following hormones? growth Hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
GnRH
UP of glucocorticoids
addison's disease
what does ACTH mean
adrenocorticotropic hormone
OP of mineralcorticoids
aldosteronism
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) made the news as an anabolic steroid used by athletes, but also as a drug that became associated with "date rapes" because of its sedative properties. Which of the following may play a role wherein physiological effect takes place when ingesting GHB? sensitivity of the target cell interactions with other hormones the level of stress experienced at the time of ingestion all of the above
all
what does T3 do
almost all physiological processes in the body
what does ADH mean
antidiuretic hormone
what does ADH do
balances amount of water in your kidneys
