A&P Lab Midterm Study Guide

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The majority of the stomach is in the _______ abdominopelvic region.

Epigastric

These are cell remnants of the stratum corneum

Cornified keratinocytes

Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the fibrous layer?

D

Using the diagram in this question, which structure is strong, flexible connective tissue that is heavily innervated and vascularized?

D

Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by loss of significant amounts of electrolytes such as Na+,Cl-, and K+?

Excretion

The major function of all serous membranes is to produce serous fluid which functions primarily to __________________.

Decrease tissue damage, decrease friction, and decrease inflammation (all of the above)

The ____________ is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that lies just inferior to the heart and lungs, separating the thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities

Diaphragm

Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the synovial membrane?

E

Using the diagram in this question, which structure is formed by the dermal papillae, allowing free nerve endings & vasculature to rise higher into the overall layer?

E

Protects from heat loss; warn of insects on the skin; shield skin from sun.

Hard keratin pili

Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'A'

Haversian canal (a.k.a. central canal)

The collar bone is ____ to the breastbone and shoulder.

Intermediate

The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for toughening the skin is _________.

Kertin

The spleen is located in _____ or _____ (quadrant abbreviation).

LUQ or ULQ

A patient is laying in the supine position. This means the patient is _____.

Laying on his/her back facing the ceiling

Visceral pleura are a type of serous membrane which specifically enclose the _____ and ______.

Left lung;right lung

A patient is in a traumatic accident and presents with a purplish discoloration of the left upper quadrant. No ribs are fractured, and there are no external open wounds. What does the physician suspect has occurred?

Likely a ruptured spleen

The tip of the nose is _____ to the left eye.

Medial, inferior, anterior/ventral (all the above)

Which bisecting plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?

Midsagittal plane

Which of the following is not considered to be part of the anatomical position for the human body?

Palms facing backwards

Which of the following organs are considered retroperitoneal organs?

Pancreas, kidneys, ureters, esophagus (all of the above)

Which closed body cavity directly encloses the heart?

Pericardial

The __________ serous membrane lines the outer abdominal cavity wall, while the ____________ serous membrane directly encloses most abdominal organs.

Perineal;visceral

Which body cavity contains the lungs?

Pleural, ventral, thoracic (all of the above)

The heel is ____ or ____ to the toes.

Posterior;dorsal

Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by oil sebum, dark melanin, water retention, and phagocytic dendritic cells?

Protection

The upper arm (or humerus) is _______ to the forearm (or radius and ulna).

Proximal

The liver is mostly in the ____ or ____ (quadrant abbreviation).

RUQ OR URQ

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 36

Radial tuberosity

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture

Schwann cell

Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the model

Schwann cell

What shape & type of cells compose all serous membrane tissues?

Simple squamous epithelium

The heart is _____ to the stomach pouch.

Superior

A section along the ______ plane would yield superior & inferior views

Transverse

What is the name of the bone labeled number 14 in this diagram

calcaneus

Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'D'

canaliculi

What are the bones labeled with the number 38 in this diagram collectively called

carpals

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture

cell body (soma)

Identify the area labeled 'A'

cervical curvature

Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture

choroid plexus

Brain ventricles - identify the structures labeled 'E' in the picture

choroid plexus of fourth ventricle

Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'C'

circumferential lamellae

Identify the area labeled 'E'

coccyx

The graded potential that results in a local depolarization of a postsynaptic membrane is an

excitatory postsynaptic potential (ESPS)

What is the name of structure #5

external acoustic meatus (a.k.a. auditory canal)

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture

fall cerebelli

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture

fall cerebri

There are 9 cervical vertebrae

false

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'B'

false ribs

The pelvic girdle labeled with the number 41 is a male pelvis, based on comparison to. the features of the other pelvic girdle to its right

false.

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture

falx cerebri

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 2

femoral head

What is the name. of the bone shown in this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body? Your answer needs to look like: 'bone name, left or right'

femur, right

What is the name of the bone labeled with the number 11 in this diagram

fibula

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'C'

floating ribs

What is the name of structure #2

foramen magnum

Name the structure or bone labeled 'F'

frontal bone

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 25

glenoid cavity

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 4

greater trochanter

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 29

greater trochanter

What is the name of the bone in. this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body? Your answer needs to look like: 'bone name, left or right'

humerus, right

What is the name of the bone labeled number 16 in this diagram

ilium

A neurotransmitter (NT) that opens chemically-gated ion channels permeable to either Cl- or K+ on the postsynaptic membrane is associated with an

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

The graded potential that results in a local hyperpolorization of a postsynaptic membrane is an

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture

inter ventricular foramen

What is the name of the bone labeled number 18 in this diagram

ischium

The most abundant cells of the epidermis are ________.

keratinocytes

Microscopic bone - -identify the structure labeled 'B'

lacuna

Identify the bone or structure labeled 'B'

lambdoid suture

Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'A'

lamellae

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture

lateral gray horn

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 12

lateral malleolus

Spina cord - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture

lateral white column

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 5

lesser trochanter

Identify the area labeled 'C'

lumbar curvature

A patient is lying in the prone position. This means the patient is _____.

lying on his/her stomach and facing the floor

Name the structure or bone labels 'D'

mandible

What is the name of structure #3

mandibular fossa

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'E'

manubrium

Identify the bone or structure labeled 'F'

mastoid process of temporal bone

Name the structure or bone labeled 'C'

maxilla

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 31

medial epicondyle

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 3

medial epicondyle

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 10

medial malleolus

These proteins accumulate on the 'sunny' side of the nucleus to form a shield against UV radiation damage?

melanin granules

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'D2' in the picture

meningeal layer

Name the structure of bone labeled 'E'

mental foramen

What are the bones labeled with the number 39 in this diagram collectively called

metacarpals

What are the bones labeled with the number 13 in this diagram collectively called

metatarsals

Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'B' on the model

myelin sheath

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture

myelin sheath gap

Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'E' on the model?

node of ranvier

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture

nucleus

A cut that is diagonal between vertical and horizontal planes is called a(n) _____.

oblique section

Name the feature on this pelvis diagram labeled with number 19

obturator foramen

Identify the bone or structure labeled 'C'

occipital bone

What is the name of structure #1

occipital condyle

Identify the bone or structure labeled 'D'

occipitomastoid suture

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 30

olecranon fossa

Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 32

olecranon process

What is found in the location labeled 'A'

optical nerve

Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'C'

osteocyte

Microscopic bone - identify the structure labeled 'B'

osteon (a.k.a. central canal)

What is the name of structure #4

palatine bone

Identify the bone or structure labeled 'E'

parietal bone

What is the name of the bone shown in this diagram, labeled with number 7

patella

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 6

patellar surface

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'D1' in the picture

periosteal layer

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture

periosteum

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture

pia mater

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture

pia mater

What is found in the location labeled 'B'

pituitary gland

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture

posterior gray horn

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture

posterior white column

The cruciate ligaments if the knee _______.

prevent hyper-extension

What is the name of the bone labeled number 17 in this diagram

pubis

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 37

radial head

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 33

radial notch

What is the name of the bone in this diagram labeled with the number 34

radius

After reading a medical report, you learn that a 45-year-old female has the following symptoms: inflammation of synovial membranes, accumulation of synovial fluid, pain and tenderness about the joints, pannus formation, and some immobility at certain joints. On the basis of these symptoms, what would the patient probably have?

rheumatoid arthritis

Identify the area labeled 'D'

sacral curvature

Identify the bone or structure labeled 'A'

sagittal suture

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture

scalp

What is the name of the bone in this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body? Your answer needs to look like: 'bone name', 'left or right'

scapula, right

Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by the function of touch receptors, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors?

sensation

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture

skull bone

Which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes nutrient formula

small holes where blood vessels and nerves pass to and from the interior of bone

Name the structure or bone labeled 'A'

sphenoid bone

What are the names of the two bones shown above?

sphenoid bone

Infant skull - Identify the structure labeled 'C'

sphenoidal fontanelle

Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'A'

spinous process

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'F'

sternal angle

name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 22

sternal end

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'D'

sternum

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture

straight sinus

The layer that contains the mitotic, viable cells of the epidermis.

stratum basale

The later of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective, but nonviable.

stratum corneum

Name the feature on this none labeled with number 35

styloid process

Brain ventricle - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture

subarachnoid space

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'H' in the picture

subarachnoid space

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture

subarachnoid space

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'I' in the picture

subdural space

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture

subdural space

Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'C'

superior articular process and facet

Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture

superior sagittal sinus

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture

superior sagittal sinus

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture

superior sagittal sinus

What is the name of the bone labeled number 15 in this diagram

talus

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture

tentorium cerebelli

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture

tentorium cerebelli

Which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes a diaphysis?

the central, narrower, tapered length of long bone between the oddly shaped ends

Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture

third ventricle

Identify the area labeled 'B'

thoracic curvature

What is the name of the bone labeled with the number 8 in this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body?

tibia, right

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 9

tibial tuberosity

Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'B'

transverse process

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture

transverse sinus

Bursae are fluid-filled fibrous sacs lined with a synovial membrane that occur where ligaments, muscles, and tendons rub together.

true

Lucnae are the spaces in the lamellae

true

The function of a process on a bone, such as the mastoid process is for muscle attachment

true

The name of the nature bone cell is osteocyte

true

Using the functional classification, a freely moveable joint would be called a synovial joint?

true

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'A'

true ribs

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'I' in the picture

ventral (anterior) root

Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'D'

vertebral foramen

Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the reinforcing ligament?

A

Using the diagram in this question, which structure in plural are called arrector pili, and can indicate external cold temperature or sudden fright

A

Which of the following is considered a clinically diagnostic organ located in the right iliac region?

Appendix

Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the joint cavity with synovial fluid?

B

Using the diagram in this question, which structure is responsible for shock absorption & insulation and located in the hypodermis?

B

Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the articular hyaline cartilage?

C

Using the diagram in this question, which structure is an eccrine gland that produces water, dermicidin, & antibodies?

C

which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes the periosteum

a connective tissue covering the compacts bone surface

Which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes a fossa?

a shallow depression on the surface of a bone

Name the feature on this pelvis diagram labeled with number 20

acetabulum

name the feature on this bone labeled with number 23

acromial end

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 27

action process

Which of these descriptions. correctly defines/describes. a trochanter

an attachment site for ligaments and tendons

Infant skull - Identify the structure labeled 'A'

anterior fontanelle

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture

anterior gray horn

Name the feature on this pelvis diagram labeled with number 21

anterior inferior iliac spine

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture

anterior white column

The stomach pouch is ____ or _____ to the spinal column.

anterior;ventral

Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture

arachnoid granulation

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture

arachnoid granulation

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture

arachnoid mater

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture

arachnoid mater

Using this diagram, what do the fibrous layer and the synovial membrane compose together?

articular capsule

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture

axon

Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'C' on the model

axon

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture

axon hillock

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'H' in the picture

axon terminal branches

Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'A' on the model

axoplasm

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'G'

body

Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'E'

body

Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 26

coracoid process

Infant skull - Identify the structure labeled 'B'

coronal suture

Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture

dendrites

These are skin macrophages that help activate the immune system.

dendritic cells

The sensory cutaneous distribution of spinal nerves is called a

dermatomal map

An area of the skin supplied with sensory innervation by a pair of spinal nerves is

dermatome

The fingers (phalanges) are _____ to the elbow.

distal

What is the full name of the bone labeled with the number 40 in this diagram? Your answer should include the directional prefixes as well as the bone name

distal phalange

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture

dorsal (posterior) root

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'H' in the picture

dorsal (posterior) root ganglion (ganglia)

Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture

dura mater

Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture

dura mater

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture

dura mater

Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'F' on the model

endonerirum

Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture

epidural space

A neurotransmitter (NT) that opens chemically-gated ion channels allowing Na+ and K+ to pass simultaneously on the postsynaptic membrane is associated with an

excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by cholesterol as a precursor and 15 min/day of sunlight exposure to aid in calcium absorption?

vitamin D synthesis

Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'H'

xiphoid process

Name the structure or bone labeled 'B'

zygomatic bone


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