A&P Lab Midterm Study Guide
The majority of the stomach is in the _______ abdominopelvic region.
Epigastric
These are cell remnants of the stratum corneum
Cornified keratinocytes
Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the fibrous layer?
D
Using the diagram in this question, which structure is strong, flexible connective tissue that is heavily innervated and vascularized?
D
Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by loss of significant amounts of electrolytes such as Na+,Cl-, and K+?
Excretion
The major function of all serous membranes is to produce serous fluid which functions primarily to __________________.
Decrease tissue damage, decrease friction, and decrease inflammation (all of the above)
The ____________ is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that lies just inferior to the heart and lungs, separating the thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities
Diaphragm
Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the synovial membrane?
E
Using the diagram in this question, which structure is formed by the dermal papillae, allowing free nerve endings & vasculature to rise higher into the overall layer?
E
Protects from heat loss; warn of insects on the skin; shield skin from sun.
Hard keratin pili
Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'A'
Haversian canal (a.k.a. central canal)
The collar bone is ____ to the breastbone and shoulder.
Intermediate
The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for toughening the skin is _________.
Kertin
The spleen is located in _____ or _____ (quadrant abbreviation).
LUQ or ULQ
A patient is laying in the supine position. This means the patient is _____.
Laying on his/her back facing the ceiling
Visceral pleura are a type of serous membrane which specifically enclose the _____ and ______.
Left lung;right lung
A patient is in a traumatic accident and presents with a purplish discoloration of the left upper quadrant. No ribs are fractured, and there are no external open wounds. What does the physician suspect has occurred?
Likely a ruptured spleen
The tip of the nose is _____ to the left eye.
Medial, inferior, anterior/ventral (all the above)
Which bisecting plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
Midsagittal plane
Which of the following is not considered to be part of the anatomical position for the human body?
Palms facing backwards
Which of the following organs are considered retroperitoneal organs?
Pancreas, kidneys, ureters, esophagus (all of the above)
Which closed body cavity directly encloses the heart?
Pericardial
The __________ serous membrane lines the outer abdominal cavity wall, while the ____________ serous membrane directly encloses most abdominal organs.
Perineal;visceral
Which body cavity contains the lungs?
Pleural, ventral, thoracic (all of the above)
The heel is ____ or ____ to the toes.
Posterior;dorsal
Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by oil sebum, dark melanin, water retention, and phagocytic dendritic cells?
Protection
The upper arm (or humerus) is _______ to the forearm (or radius and ulna).
Proximal
The liver is mostly in the ____ or ____ (quadrant abbreviation).
RUQ OR URQ
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 36
Radial tuberosity
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture
Schwann cell
Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the model
Schwann cell
What shape & type of cells compose all serous membrane tissues?
Simple squamous epithelium
The heart is _____ to the stomach pouch.
Superior
A section along the ______ plane would yield superior & inferior views
Transverse
What is the name of the bone labeled number 14 in this diagram
calcaneus
Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'D'
canaliculi
What are the bones labeled with the number 38 in this diagram collectively called
carpals
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture
cell body (soma)
Identify the area labeled 'A'
cervical curvature
Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture
choroid plexus
Brain ventricles - identify the structures labeled 'E' in the picture
choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'C'
circumferential lamellae
Identify the area labeled 'E'
coccyx
The graded potential that results in a local depolarization of a postsynaptic membrane is an
excitatory postsynaptic potential (ESPS)
What is the name of structure #5
external acoustic meatus (a.k.a. auditory canal)
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture
fall cerebelli
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture
fall cerebri
There are 9 cervical vertebrae
false
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'B'
false ribs
The pelvic girdle labeled with the number 41 is a male pelvis, based on comparison to. the features of the other pelvic girdle to its right
false.
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture
falx cerebri
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 2
femoral head
What is the name. of the bone shown in this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body? Your answer needs to look like: 'bone name, left or right'
femur, right
What is the name of the bone labeled with the number 11 in this diagram
fibula
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'C'
floating ribs
What is the name of structure #2
foramen magnum
Name the structure or bone labeled 'F'
frontal bone
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 25
glenoid cavity
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 4
greater trochanter
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 29
greater trochanter
What is the name of the bone in. this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body? Your answer needs to look like: 'bone name, left or right'
humerus, right
What is the name of the bone labeled number 16 in this diagram
ilium
A neurotransmitter (NT) that opens chemically-gated ion channels permeable to either Cl- or K+ on the postsynaptic membrane is associated with an
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
The graded potential that results in a local hyperpolorization of a postsynaptic membrane is an
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture
inter ventricular foramen
What is the name of the bone labeled number 18 in this diagram
ischium
The most abundant cells of the epidermis are ________.
keratinocytes
Microscopic bone - -identify the structure labeled 'B'
lacuna
Identify the bone or structure labeled 'B'
lambdoid suture
Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'A'
lamellae
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture
lateral gray horn
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 12
lateral malleolus
Spina cord - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture
lateral white column
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 5
lesser trochanter
Identify the area labeled 'C'
lumbar curvature
A patient is lying in the prone position. This means the patient is _____.
lying on his/her stomach and facing the floor
Name the structure or bone labels 'D'
mandible
What is the name of structure #3
mandibular fossa
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'E'
manubrium
Identify the bone or structure labeled 'F'
mastoid process of temporal bone
Name the structure or bone labeled 'C'
maxilla
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 31
medial epicondyle
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 3
medial epicondyle
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 10
medial malleolus
These proteins accumulate on the 'sunny' side of the nucleus to form a shield against UV radiation damage?
melanin granules
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'D2' in the picture
meningeal layer
Name the structure of bone labeled 'E'
mental foramen
What are the bones labeled with the number 39 in this diagram collectively called
metacarpals
What are the bones labeled with the number 13 in this diagram collectively called
metatarsals
Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'B' on the model
myelin sheath
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture
myelin sheath gap
Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'E' on the model?
node of ranvier
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture
nucleus
A cut that is diagonal between vertical and horizontal planes is called a(n) _____.
oblique section
Name the feature on this pelvis diagram labeled with number 19
obturator foramen
Identify the bone or structure labeled 'C'
occipital bone
What is the name of structure #1
occipital condyle
Identify the bone or structure labeled 'D'
occipitomastoid suture
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 30
olecranon fossa
Name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 32
olecranon process
What is found in the location labeled 'A'
optical nerve
Microscopic bone - Identify the structure labeled 'C'
osteocyte
Microscopic bone - identify the structure labeled 'B'
osteon (a.k.a. central canal)
What is the name of structure #4
palatine bone
Identify the bone or structure labeled 'E'
parietal bone
What is the name of the bone shown in this diagram, labeled with number 7
patella
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 6
patellar surface
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'D1' in the picture
periosteal layer
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture
periosteum
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture
pia mater
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture
pia mater
What is found in the location labeled 'B'
pituitary gland
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture
posterior gray horn
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture
posterior white column
The cruciate ligaments if the knee _______.
prevent hyper-extension
What is the name of the bone labeled number 17 in this diagram
pubis
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 37
radial head
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 33
radial notch
What is the name of the bone in this diagram labeled with the number 34
radius
After reading a medical report, you learn that a 45-year-old female has the following symptoms: inflammation of synovial membranes, accumulation of synovial fluid, pain and tenderness about the joints, pannus formation, and some immobility at certain joints. On the basis of these symptoms, what would the patient probably have?
rheumatoid arthritis
Identify the area labeled 'D'
sacral curvature
Identify the bone or structure labeled 'A'
sagittal suture
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture
scalp
What is the name of the bone in this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body? Your answer needs to look like: 'bone name', 'left or right'
scapula, right
Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by the function of touch receptors, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors?
sensation
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture
skull bone
Which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes nutrient formula
small holes where blood vessels and nerves pass to and from the interior of bone
Name the structure or bone labeled 'A'
sphenoid bone
What are the names of the two bones shown above?
sphenoid bone
Infant skull - Identify the structure labeled 'C'
sphenoidal fontanelle
Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'A'
spinous process
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'F'
sternal angle
name the feature on this bone labeled with a number 22
sternal end
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'D'
sternum
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture
straight sinus
The layer that contains the mitotic, viable cells of the epidermis.
stratum basale
The later of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective, but nonviable.
stratum corneum
Name the feature on this none labeled with number 35
styloid process
Brain ventricle - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture
subarachnoid space
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'H' in the picture
subarachnoid space
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture
subarachnoid space
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'I' in the picture
subdural space
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture
subdural space
Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'C'
superior articular process and facet
Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture
superior sagittal sinus
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture
superior sagittal sinus
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'B' in the picture
superior sagittal sinus
What is the name of the bone labeled number 15 in this diagram
talus
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture
tentorium cerebelli
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture
tentorium cerebelli
Which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes a diaphysis?
the central, narrower, tapered length of long bone between the oddly shaped ends
Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture
third ventricle
Identify the area labeled 'B'
thoracic curvature
What is the name of the bone labeled with the number 8 in this diagram, and is it from the left or right side of the body?
tibia, right
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 9
tibial tuberosity
Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'B'
transverse process
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture
transverse sinus
Bursae are fluid-filled fibrous sacs lined with a synovial membrane that occur where ligaments, muscles, and tendons rub together.
true
Lucnae are the spaces in the lamellae
true
The function of a process on a bone, such as the mastoid process is for muscle attachment
true
The name of the nature bone cell is osteocyte
true
Using the functional classification, a freely moveable joint would be called a synovial joint?
true
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'A'
true ribs
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'I' in the picture
ventral (anterior) root
Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'D'
vertebral foramen
Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the reinforcing ligament?
A
Using the diagram in this question, which structure in plural are called arrector pili, and can indicate external cold temperature or sudden fright
A
Which of the following is considered a clinically diagnostic organ located in the right iliac region?
Appendix
Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the joint cavity with synovial fluid?
B
Using the diagram in this question, which structure is responsible for shock absorption & insulation and located in the hypodermis?
B
Using the diagram in this question, which label identifies the articular hyaline cartilage?
C
Using the diagram in this question, which structure is an eccrine gland that produces water, dermicidin, & antibodies?
C
which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes the periosteum
a connective tissue covering the compacts bone surface
Which of these descriptions correctly defines/describes a fossa?
a shallow depression on the surface of a bone
Name the feature on this pelvis diagram labeled with number 20
acetabulum
name the feature on this bone labeled with number 23
acromial end
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 27
action process
Which of these descriptions. correctly defines/describes. a trochanter
an attachment site for ligaments and tendons
Infant skull - Identify the structure labeled 'A'
anterior fontanelle
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture
anterior gray horn
Name the feature on this pelvis diagram labeled with number 21
anterior inferior iliac spine
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'F' in the picture
anterior white column
The stomach pouch is ____ or _____ to the spinal column.
anterior;ventral
Brain ventricles - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture
arachnoid granulation
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture
arachnoid granulation
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture
arachnoid mater
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture
arachnoid mater
Using this diagram, what do the fibrous layer and the synovial membrane compose together?
articular capsule
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'E' in the picture
axon
Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'C' on the model
axon
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture
axon hillock
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'H' in the picture
axon terminal branches
Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'A' on the model
axoplasm
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'G'
body
Vertebrae - Identify the area labeled 'E'
body
Name the feature on this bone labeled with number 26
coracoid process
Infant skull - Identify the structure labeled 'B'
coronal suture
Neuron - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture
dendrites
These are skin macrophages that help activate the immune system.
dendritic cells
The sensory cutaneous distribution of spinal nerves is called a
dermatomal map
An area of the skin supplied with sensory innervation by a pair of spinal nerves is
dermatome
The fingers (phalanges) are _____ to the elbow.
distal
What is the full name of the bone labeled with the number 40 in this diagram? Your answer should include the directional prefixes as well as the bone name
distal phalange
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'G' in the picture
dorsal (posterior) root
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'H' in the picture
dorsal (posterior) root ganglion (ganglia)
Dura septa - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture
dura mater
Meninges - identify the structure labeled 'D' in the picture
dura mater
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'A' in the picture
dura mater
Neuron model - identify the structure labeled 'F' on the model
endonerirum
Spinal cord - identify the structure labeled 'C' in the picture
epidural space
A neurotransmitter (NT) that opens chemically-gated ion channels allowing Na+ and K+ to pass simultaneously on the postsynaptic membrane is associated with an
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
Which function of the integumentary system is characterized by cholesterol as a precursor and 15 min/day of sunlight exposure to aid in calcium absorption?
vitamin D synthesis
Thoracic cage - Identify the area labeled 'H'
xiphoid process
Name the structure or bone labeled 'B'
zygomatic bone
