A&P Lab Quiz 12+13

Microglial Cells

Phagocytic cells of the CNS

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

Speeds up conduction of neural action potentials along an axon

Ependymal Cells

Surround the cell bodies of neurons in the PNS

Label: central sulcus, cerebellum, corpus callosum, frontal lobe, hypothalamus, lateral sulcus, medulla oblongata, midbrain, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, pineal gland, pons, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, temporal lobe, thalamus

308, 309

Label: anterior funiculus, anterior horn, anterior median fissure, central canal, lateral funiculus, lateral horn, posterior funiculus, posterior horn, posterior median sulcus, spinal arachnoid mater, spinal dura mater

314

Astrocytes

Anchor neurons and blood vessels, maintain extracellular environment around neurons, assist in the formation of the blood blood-brain barrier

Which part of the neuron is capable of generating an action potential?

Axon

Oligodendrocytes

Form the myelin sheath in the CNS

The __ of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons, whereas the __ of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of neurons that receive information from sensory neurons.

anterior horn posterior horn

Epithalamus

contains the pineal gland and secretes the hormone melatonin

Which of the following spaces is found around the spinal cord but not around the brain?

epidural space

The spinal cord extends from the _ _ of the occipital bone to the ___ vertebra. It terminates as the _ _ and gives off a bundle of nerve roots called the _ _.

foramen magnum first/second lumbar conus medullaris cauda equina

Hypoathalamus

inferior part of the diencephalon that controls many aspects of homeostasis

Arachnoid Mater

middle meninx

Pons

middle part of the brainstem that buldges anteriorly

Medulla oblongata

most inferior portion of brainstem

Midbrain

most superior part of the brainstem

What neuron is pictured?

multipolar

White matter consists of

myelinated axons

Dura Mater

outermost and thickest meninx

Cerebellum

posterior part of the brain that controls and monitors ongoing movement

Where is the cerebral cortex located, and what is located here?

the cerebral cortex is the outer 2mm of grey matter of the cerebrum. contains unmyelinated axons and cerebral neurons, cell bodies and dendrites.

What triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicles?

the influx of calcium ions into the axon terminal

Label: axon, axon hillock, axon terminals, cell body, dendrites, synaptic cleft, synaptic vesicles, telodendria

286

Label: internode, myelin, neurilemma, node of ranvier, oligodendrocyte, schwann cells

288

Which is not one of the four main regions of the brain?

cerebral aqueduct

Label: central canal, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, lateral ventricle, third ventricle

307

Put Neuron Action Potential in order: _Voltage-gate sodium ion channels close, and voltage-gated potassium ion channels open _Potassium ions continue to exit the cell, causing hyperpolarization _Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open, and the axon depolarizes _Potassium ions exit the cell, causing repolarization

1. Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open, and the axon depolarizes 2. Voltage-gate sodium ion channels close, and voltage-gated potassium ion channels open 3. Potassium ions exit the cell, causing repolarization 4. Potassium ions continue to exit the cell, causing hyperpolarization

Satellite Cells

Ciliated Cells in the CNS that form and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Schwann Cells

Create the myelin sheath in the PNS

Where are synaptic vesicles located?

axon terminals

Pia Mater

innermost and thinnest meninx

Thalamus

largest egg shaped component of the diencephalon; edits and sorts information coming into the cerebrum

Neurotansmitters that bind the postsynaptic membrane generally generate a/an

local potential