A&P one- Mcampbell- unit 3 smartbook 11
Match the pattern of fascicle arrangement with its best description. Instructions
1. circular- concentrically arranged fibers around an opening 2. parallel-often associated with cylindrical muscles with a central body tendon 3. convergent-have widespread muscle fibers over a broad area that meet on a common attachment site 4. pennate-these fascicles are arranged at an oblique angle to the tendon
Match the muscle to its characteristic facial expression. Instructions
1. depressor anguli oris - frowning 2. orbicularis oculi - blinking 3. zygomaticus major - smiling 4. orbicularis oris - kissing 5. frontal belly of occipitofrontalis - raising eyebrows 6. platysma - tensing skin of neck
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the pectoralis major.
adduction of the arm medial rotation of the arm flexion of the arm
The pectoralis major is an ______ of the arm.
adductor
When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?
agonist
Match the type of primary action to its best description. Instructions
agonist- a muscle that contracts to produce a particular movement antagonist- a muscle that stretches when the agonist contracts synergist- a muscle that either contributes to tension close to the insertion or stabilizes the point of origin
The extensor digitorum longus is on the ______ side of the leg.
anterior
The muscles in the ______ compartment of the arm flexes the arm at the elbow.
anterior
Which of the following correctly pairs fibers of the deltoid with their function? Instructions
anterior fibers - flex and medially rotate the arm posterior fibers - extend and laterally rotate the arm lateral fibers - abduct the arm
During exhalation, muscles of respiration ______.
decrease the space of the thoracic cavity
The pectoralis minor muscle is ______ to the pectoralis major muscle.
deep
When the psoas major contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
When the rectus femoris contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
Contraction of the long head of the biceps brachii results in a single type of movement of the glenohumeral joint: What type of movement is this?
flexion of the arm
Many parallel muscles are cylindrical with an expanded central region called a ______.
gaster or body
Which of the following is an example of a convergent muscle?
pectoralis major
Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?
pectoralis major latissimus dorsi
The biceps femoris is on the ______ side of the thigh.
posterior
Identify the location of the triceps brachii.
posterior arm
Which of the following best describes the location of the latissimus dorsi?
posterior of body, inferior part of the back
The temporalis muscle ______ the mandible.
retracts
Which of the following is/are points of proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?
ribs 8-12 spinous processes, T7-T12 iliac crest thoracolumbar fascia
When the gluteus maximus contracts, the thigh is ______.
rotated laterally extended
Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
sartorius iliacus rectus femoris psoas major
The trapezius can elevate and depress the ______.
scapula
Identify the muscles that abduct the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
supraspinatus deltoid
The rotator cuff muscles are ______.
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
The glenohumeral joint is crossed by ______ muscles.
11
True or false: Parallel muscles have low endurance but are very strong.
False
Intramuscular injections are commonly used to administer medication because of which of the following characteristics?
a rich blood supply
Which muscles flex the forearm?
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a ______ muscle.
circular
The buccinator muscle ______.
compresses the cheek
Identify the actions provided by contraction of the triceps brachii.
extension of the forearm adduction of the humerus extension of the humerus
True or false: The internal intercostals are superficial to the external intercostals.
false
True or false: The intrinsic muscles of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot.
false
Bundles of muscle fibers, termed ______, lie parallel to each other within a muscle.
fascicles
Posterior compartment thigh muscles ______ the knee.
flex
When the iliacus contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
Common intramuscular injection sites include the region.
gluteal- deltoid
A condition that occurs when a portion of the intestines protrude through a weakened point in the muscular wall is called a
hernia
During inspiration, muscles of respiration ______.
increase the space of the thoracic cavity
Where do the all of the fibers of the latissimus dorsi distally attach?
intertubercular groove of the humerus
Identify the muscle that elevates the upper eyelid when you open your eyes.
levator palpebrae superioris
Inguinal hernias are more common in ______.
males
Which category is utilized in the naming of the extensor radialis longus muscle?
muscle action
Which muscle contracts when you blink?
orbicularis oculi
The pectoralis major is an example of a muscle that ______ the scapula.
protracts
When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ______ attachment.
proximal
dentify the extrinsic eye muscles specified in the image of the right eye, lateral view. Item A—Superior ____. Item B—Inferior____
rectus oblique
Which is not an abdominal wall muscle?
rectus femoris
The overall, general function of all of the muscles of the rotator cuff is to ______.
stabilize the glenohumeral joint
True or false: All anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are deep to other thoracic muscles.
true
True or false: The attachments of the deltoid form a fan-shaped muscle responsible for the rounded contour of the shoulder.
true
When the sartorius contracts, the thigh is ______.
Flexed and rotated laterally
Which muscle plantar flexes the foot?
Gastrocnemius
Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh ______ the thigh.
adduct
Match the type of primary action to its correct description. Instructions
agonist- prime mover antagonist- opposes the agonist synergist- Assists the agonist
Skeletal muscles are grouped according to their primary actions into which of the following three types?
antagonists synergists agonists
Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings?"
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
The inferior attachments of the muscles that move the head and neck are the ______.
bones of the vertebral column
Which type of muscle has widespread muscle fibers over a broad area that collect themselves onto a common attachment site?
convergent muscles
The anterior fibers of the are the primary flexors of the arm and medially rotate the arm.
deltoid
Identify the muscles that flex the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
deltoid biceps brachii coracobrachialis
Identify the muscles that laterally rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
deltoid infraspinatus teres minor
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to shape?
deltoid rhomboid trapezius
The internal intercostals ______.
depress the ribs during forced exhalation
The trapezius is a large, ______-shaped muscle.
diamond
The dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is the ______.
diaphragm
The latissimus is a broad, triangular muscle located on the inferior part of the back.
dorsi
Functions of the trapezius muscle include ______.
elevate scapula extension of the head and neck movement of the pectoral girdle retract scapula depress scapula
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles ______.
expands the thoracic cavity
Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in ______.
extension of the thigh adduction of the thigh flexion of the thigh lateral rotation of the thigh
The muscles that assist the serratus posterior superior muscles in expanding the thoracic cavity, by elevating the ribs, during inhalation are the ______ intercostals.
external
In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
flex the leg at the knee joint adduct the thigh at the hip joint
Which best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid?
flexion, abduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation
Which of the following best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur when the pectoralis major contracts?
flexion, adduction, medial rotation
The muscles that are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot are the ______.
gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and tibialis posterior
In addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the ______.
gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region
Which of the following does not increase the risk of developing a rotator cuff injury?
increased blood flow
Identify the muscles that adduct the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
infraspinatus teres major and teres minor coracobrachialis pectoralis major latissimus dorsi
The ______ muscles of the foot move the toes.
intrinsic
Which of the following best describe(s) the location of the trapezius?
it is a posterior thoracic muscle it is superficial to other posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle
Where does the pectoralis major distally attach?
lateral part of intertubercular groove of humerus
The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the ______.
latissimus dorsi
Which is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint?
latissimus dorsi
Identify the muscles that medially rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
latissimus dorsi pectoralis major teres major deltoid subscapularis
Identify the muscles that extend the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
latissimus dorsi teres major triceps brachii deltoid
The prime movers of the glenohumeral joint are the ______.
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.
little finger
Identify the proximal attachments of the pectoralis major.
medial clavicle costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 body of the sternum
Which muscle adducts the eye?
medial rectus
The sternocleidomastoid muscle get its name from which category for naming muscles?
muscle attachments
Which category is utilized in the naming of the deltoid muscle?
muscle shape
The gluteus maximus muscle gets its name from which categories for naming muscles?
muscle size
What is the superior attachment for the muscles that move the head and neck?
on the bones of the cranium
Which of the following is considered a circular muscle?
orbicularis oris
Extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand ______.
originate in the forearm flex or extend the hand flex or extend the thumb and fingers
The major is the principal flexor of the arm.
pectoralis
The prime mover of the flexion of the arm is the ______.
pectoralis major
The ______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.
pelvic diaphragm
The "hamstrings" are muscles of the ______ compartment of the thigh.
posterior
The semitendinosus is on the ______ side of the thigh.
posterior
The anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle are the ______.
subclavius pectoralis minor serratus anterior
Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ______ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment.
superior
Which muscles extend inferomedially from the superior rib to the adjacent inferior rib?
the external intercostal muscles
Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication?
the masseter muscle the medial pterygoid muscle the temporalis muscle the lateral pterygoid muscle
The attachment sites of the sternocleidomastoid muscle include ______.
the mastoid process the sternum the clavicle
Which muscle elevates and retracts the mandible during mastication?
the temporalis muscle
When the diaphragm contracts ______.
the thoracic space is increased
Put in simple terms, the intrinsic muscles of the hand are classified anatomically as the group at the base of the thumb (the ______ group), those found at the base of the little finger (the ______ group), and everything in between (the ______ group).
thenar; hypothenar; midpalmar
The primary muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the ______.
tibialis anterior
Which muscle inverts the foot?
tibialis anterior
The muscles that dorsiflex the foot are the ______.
tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
The anterior muscles of the neck ______ the neck.
to flex
Match the type of pennate muscle with an example of the muscle. Instructions
unipennate - extensor digitorum bipennate - rectus femoris multipennate - deltoid
Match the type of pennate muscle with its best description. Instructions
unipennate- all muscle fibers are on one side of the tendon bipennate-usually has muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon multipennate-has branches of the tendon within the muscle
Muscles that move the knee joint ______.
within each compartment have similar actions on the knee joint are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia
Which is a muscle of mastication?
masseter
The process of chewing is called
mastication
Match the muscle of respiration to its corresponding description. Instructions
1. external intercostals - eleven pairs of oblique fibers between the ribs; project anteroinferiorly 2. diaphragm - broad muscle; separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities 3. serratus posterior inferior - thin intermediate back muscle; splits into four separate muscle segments 4. transversus thoracis - inferior attachment is costal cartilages 2-6; assist in decreasing diameter of thoracic cavity
Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?
The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist.
Anatomically, muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as ______.
anterior or posterior thoracic
The orbicularis oris muscle is named for its ______.
arrangement of muscle fascicles and body location
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and ______ the knee.
extend
The hamstring group of muscles ______ the thigh and ______ the leg.
extend; flex
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid.
extension of the arm abduction of the arm flexion of the arm lateral rotation of the arm medial rotation of the arm
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the triceps brachii (long head).
extension of the arm adduction of the arm
Contraction of gluteal muscles results in ______.
extension of thigh
In addition to extending the thigh, the biceps femoris rotates the thigh , whereas the semimembranosus and semitendinosus rotate the thigh .
laterally , medially
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?
the buccinator muscle
The muscles that invert the foot are the ______.
tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior
The muscles that retract the scapula are the ______.
trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)
The brachii extends the arm.
triceps
Which muscles extend the forearm?
triceps brachii anconeus
