A&P Quiz 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding water as a substance? Ionic substances are insoluble in water. Water is a non-polar solvent. All solutes dissolve easily in water. A water solution is also known as an aqueous solution.

A water solution is also known as an aqueous solution.

In DNA, which base pairing is a Watson-Crick base pairing? Guanine and cytosine Thymine and guanine Cytosine and adenine Uracil and thymine

Guanine and cytosine

The table shows three enzymes found in the human body and the temperature of their locations. How would a fever of 104 degrees F most likely affect the activity of these enzymes?

It would slow or stop enzyme function.

What type of microscope would be most effective for studying a living cell. (A) Magnifying glass (B) Scanning electron microscope (C) Light microscope (D) Transmission electron microscope

Light microscope

Which of the following statements regarding chloroplasts is false? (A) Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast. (B)Thylakoids are pigments found within chloroplasts that give plants their green color. (C) Chloroplasts contain DNA. (D) According to the endosymbiosis theory, they were formed by an ancestral eukaryote consuming photosynthetic bacteria.

Thylakoids are pigments found within chloroplasts that give plants their green color

The cell theory is based on three major premises: - Cells are the basic units of life. - Each cell must come from a preexisting cell. - All living things are made up of cells. Which of the following discoveries was the last to be made?

(A) All living things are made up of cells (B) Cells are the basic units of life (C) Each cell must come from a preexisting cell

Which of the following is true regarding cell theory? (Choose all that apply) (A) Cells are the basic units of life (B) Cells can be formed from living or non-living things. (C) All living organisms are made of one or more cells. (D) Cells are non-living entities.

(A) Cells are the basic units of life (C) All living organisms are made of one or more cells.

How does an enzyme affect the rate of a reaction? (A) It raises the activation energy of the reaction, increasing the reaction rate. (B) It lowers the activation energy of the reaction, increasing the reaction rate. (C) It lowers the activation energy of the reaction, decreasing the reaction rate. (D) It raises the activation energy of the reaction, decreasing the reaction rate.

(B) It lowers the activation energy of the reaction, increasing the reaction rate.

Part of the membrane of the Golgi pinches off and moves away in the form of a vesicle. Which of the following is true for this process? A The vesicles are used to release energy from the cell in the form of ATP. B The vesicles often deliver proteins to other areas in the cell or outside of the cell membrane. C The vesicles are used to send messages about cellular needs to the nucleus. D The vesicles collect amino acids to use during protein synthesis.

(B) The vesicles often deliver proteins to other areas in the cell or outside of the cell membrane.

A team of scientists is studying detailed internal structures of a newly discovered cellular organism. What type of microscopy tool should the scientists use in order to observe these structures? (A) Light microscope (B) Transmission electron microscope (C) Magnifying glass (D) Confocal microscope

(B) Transmission electron microscope

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? (A) Breaking down unneeded cellular structures and molecules (B) Modifying proteins (C) packaging and tagging proteins for delivery across the cell (D) Producing ATP using stored sugar molecules

(B) modifying proteins

Which of the following describes the structure of albumin? A molecule containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio A chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule Three fatty acids attached to one glycerol molecule A series of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone

A chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule

Tahira placed a collection of red blood cells into a container filled with an unknown solution. Once in the container, Tahira noticed that the red blood cells swelled and some of them burst. What type of solution were the red blood cells placed in? A hypotonic solution A hypertonic solution An isotonic solution

A hypotonic solution

Which of the following is an example of protein denaturation? Several amino acids are joined together via peptide bonds. Amino acids fold into repeating patterns due to hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone. A protein is exposed to extremely high heat, causing it to lose its secondary structure and be left with only its primary structure. A protein binds with a substrate, lowering the activation energy of a reaction.

A protein is exposed to extremely high heat, causing it to lose its secondary structure and be left with only its primary structure.

ATP is an important biological molecule that transports chemical energy within cells and powers many biochemical reactions. Which of the following correctly describes the structure of ATP and how it provides energy? ATP contains a 5-carbon sugar, three phosphate groups, and an adenine base. Energy is released when the bond between the adenine base and the sugar is broken. ATP contains a 6-carbon sugar, three phosphate groups, and an adenine base. Energy is released when bonds within the 6-carbon molecule are broken. ATP contains a 5-carbon sugar, three phosphate groups, and an adenine base. Energy is released when the bond between the second phosphate group and third phosphate group is broken. ATP contains a 6-carbon sugar, two phosphate groups, and an adenine base. Energy is released when a single phosphate group is added to the existing two phosphate groups. Stuck?Watch a video or use a hint. Report a problem

ATP contains a 5-carbon sugar, three phosphate groups, and an adenine base. Energy is released when the bond between the second phosphate group and third phosphate group is broken.

Which scientists played a role in developing the cell theory? (A) Theodoe Schwann (B) Robert Remak (C) Matthias Schleiden (D) Charles Darwin (E) Robert Hooke

All but Darwin: Schwann, Remak, Schleiden, Hooke

What fundamental building block makes up all matter in the universe?

Atoms

Which of the following are roles of amino acids at an enzyme's active site? (A) Binding the substrate to the enzyme. (B) Converting the enzyme to receive a different substrate. (C) Preventing the substrate from entering the chemical reaction. (D) Changing the enzyme itself.

Binding the substrate to the enzyme.

Both vegetable oil and butter are made up of fats. Why is butter a solid at room temperature, while vegetable oil is a liquid? Butter is an unsaturated fat and vegetable oil is a saturated fat. Butter is a polar molecule and vegetable oil is a nonpolar molecule. Butter is a saturated fat and vegetable oil is an unsaturated fat. Butter is a nonpolar molecule and vegetable oil is a polar molecule.

Butter is a saturated fat and vegetable oil is an unsaturated fat.

A pathogen is ingested by a white blood cell. How might a lysosome assist in getting rid of the pathogen? A) A lysosome can fuse to the pathogen, injecting it with neutralizing genes to deactivate the pathogen. B) A lysosome can capture the pathogen and force it back out of the cell. C) A lysosome can fuse to the pathogen once it has been engulfed in a vesicle, breaking it down with digestive enzymes. D) A lysosome can directly engulf the pathogen, allowing its acidic environment to destroy the pathogen.

C) A lysosome can fuse to the pathogen once it has been engulfed in a vesicle, breaking it down with digestive enzymes.

There are four major biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Which of the following makes carbohydrates unique from the other biological macromolecules? Carbohydrates contain a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen. Carbohydrates are polymers that always form a ring structure. Long-term energy storage is provided by carbohydrates. The monomers in carbohydrates are held together by peptide bonds.

Carbohydrates contain a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen.

Which of the following are functions of proteins? Cell signaling Energy storage Encoding genetic information Catalyzing chemical reactions

Cell signaling Catalyzing chemical reactions

How does a cilium differ from a flagellum? A cilium's bases do not possess a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. B Flagella have basal bodies located at their base, and cilia do not. C A cilium is typically longer than a flagellum. D Cilia appear in large numbers on the cell surface, and flagella do not.

D Cilia appear in large numbers on the cell surface, and flagella do not.

DNA, RNA, OR Both:

DNA: contains deoxiribose forms double helix RNA: Uses Uracil as a base BOTH: Is made of nucleotides Inclused phosphate groups

Which of the following is true of diffusion? Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution. Diffusion of particles against the concentration gradient will occur until all the particles have dissolved. Diffusion of particles against the concentration gradient will occur until random motion occurs. Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until the particles move fully from one side of the solution to the other.

Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution.

Which of the following correctly organize the items from smallest (left) to largest (right)?

Electron, Neutron, Atom, Cell

Which particles occupy the orbitals surrounding the nucleus?

Electrons

In which direction do particles in a solution move during passive diffusion? From right to left From left to right From lower to higher areas of concentration From higher to lower areas of concentration

From higher to lower areas of concentration

How does the structure of fructose compare to the structure of glucose? Glucose and fructose are structural isomers. Glucose is a monosaccharide and fructose is a disaccharide. Glucose and fructose are stereoisomers of one another.

Glucose and fructose are structural isomers.

Which of the following statements is true of the carbohydrate glucose? Glucose is a structural isomer of galactose. Glucose contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Glucose is a polysaccharide. Glucose is a pentose sugar.

Glucose contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

The conformation, or shape, of a protein determines its function. There are four orders of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding these protein structures? Secondary structures are formed by multiple polypeptide chains. Interactions between the R groups in amino acids form tertiary structure. The two types of primary structure are \alphaαalpha helices and \betaβbeta pleated sheets. Proteins in a quaternary structure consist of a simple polypeptide chain.

Interactions between the R groups in amino acids form tertiary structure.

There are several types of receptors that allow cells to communicate. Which of the following is true regarding these cell receptors? Intracellular receptors can be found in the cytoplasm or nucleus. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most diverse type of cell receptor. Ligand-gated ion receptors are receptors for a group of signaling molecules called growth factors. Binding of a ligand to receptor tyrosine kinases causes a direct change in ion distribution across a membrane.

Intracellular receptors can be found in the cytoplasm or nucleus. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most diverse type of cell receptor.

Carbohydrates are able to undergo a reaction known as hydrolysis. Which of the following correctly describes hydrolysis? Hydrogen atoms are removed from the end of a carbohydrate. Monomers are linked together by the removal of one or more water molecules. Hydrogen atoms are added to the each end of the carbohydrate to protect it from degradation. Long carbohydrates are broken into monomers through the addition of water molecules between the subunits.

Long carbohydrates are broken into monomers through the addition of water molecules between the subunits.

Match the following cytoskeletal proteins with their functions: Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules help the cell resist compression forces Aid in cell movement and transport of vesicles Bear tension and maintain cell shape

Microfilaments: Aid in cell movement and transport vesicles Intermediate filaments: bear tension and maintain cell shape Microtubules: Help the cell resist compression forces

What is true of NAD in cellular respiration? NAD carries excess carbon dioxide out of the cell. NAD is used to directly break apart the glucose molecules. NAD carries the oxygen needed to break down the glucose molecules into the cell. NAD carries and transfers electrons and H+ ions.

NAD carries and transfers electrons and H+ ions.

What two particles compose the nucleus of an atom?

Neutron and Proton

What are the components of a triglyceride molecule? One glycerol and one cholesterol One glycerol and three fatty acids One glycerol and two fatty acids One cholesterol and two fatty acids

One glycerol and three fatty acids

Why is water so effective at hydrogen bonding? Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, so it is more likely to donate its electrons to oxygen. Oxygen is very electronegative and strongly attracts hydrogen's electron. There are two hydrogens, doubling the positive charge on the water molecule. The hydrogens in water are ionically bonded to the oxygen.

Oxygen is very electronegative and strongly attracts hydrogen's electron.

Which of the following statements regarding cell signaling is true? Synaptic signaling is a type of autocrine signaling. Paracrine signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short distances. Direct signaling is a type of signaling found only in plant cells. In endocrine signaling, signals are released from a cell and bind to receptors on its own cell membrane.

Paracrine signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short distances

Which of the following statements regarding cell signaling is true? Synaptic signaling is a type of autocrine signaling. Direct signaling is a type of signaling found only in plant cells. Paracrine signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short distances. In endocrine signaling, signals are released from a cell and bind to receptors on its own cell membrane.

Paracrine signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short distances.

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids linked together in a specific order. What type of bonds are formed between these amino acids? Peptide bonds Ester linkage Hydrogen bonds Glycosidic linkages

Peptide bonds

Which of the following is true regarding the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Synthesizes carbohydrates and steroid hormones Modifies proteins to be used in cellular membranes Aids in detoxification of medications and poisons Contains ribosomes on its surface

Rough ER: Modifies proteins to be used in cellular membranes Contains ribosomes on its surface Smooth ER: Synthesizes carbohydrates and steroid hormones Aids in detoxification of medications and poisons

In an experiment, acid was added to two solutions: Solution 1: distilled water only Solution 2: distilled water containing sodium bicarbonate Then, the pH of each solution was taken. Solution 1 had a final pH of 4.5, while Solution 2 had a final pH of 6.8. Which of the following statements explains the difference between the two solutions? Sodium bicarbonate acted as a pH buffer in Solution 2. Hormones released in Solution 2 allowed it to maintain a higher pH. The water in Solution 1 had a lower starting pH than the water in Solution 2. Sodium bicarbonate increases the temperature of a solution, which helped raise the pH of Solution 2.

Sodium bicarbonate acted as a pH buffer in Solution 2.

Which statement is true of enzymes? (A) Enzymes are non-specific. (B) Changes in temperature do not affect enzymes. (C) The activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes. (D) Enzymes work independently of substrate concentration.

The activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes.

Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors. Which of the following statements is true of ligands? The binding of a ligand to a receptor molecule causes the receptor to change shape. All ligands are proteins. Each ligand is only able to bind to one specific receptor. Ligands can bind to cell-surface receptors, but they cannot enter the cell.

The binding of a ligand to a receptor molecule causes the receptor to change shape.

Cellular respiration is a type of oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. What is getting oxidized and reduced during cellular respiration? Both the carbon atoms in glucose and oxygen are oxidized. Both the carbon atoms in glucose and oxygen are reduced. The carbon atoms in glucose are oxidized, and oxygen is reduced. The carbon atoms in glucose are reduced, and oxygen is oxidized.

The carbon atoms in glucose are oxidized, and oxygen is reduced.

Which of the following occurs when hydrogen is reacted with vegetable oil? The hydrogenated vegetable oil will contain fewer trans fats. The hydrogenated vegetable oil will become solid at room temperature. The hydrogenated vegetable oil will become polarized. The hydrogenated vegetable oil will become a saturated fat.

The hydrogenated vegetable oil will become solid at room temperature.

A cell releases chemical signals into its surrounding space in order to communicate with neighboring cells. Which of the following must occur for the communication to be successful? The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal. The same chemical signal must be produced within the neighboring cells. The chemical signal must bind to hormones on the neighboring cells. The neighboring cells must be able to absorb the chemicals through diffusion.

The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal.

Which of the following must occur for the communication to be successful? The chemical signal must bind to hormones on the neighboring cells. The same chemical signal must be produced within the neighboring cells. The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal. The neighboring cells must be able to absorb the chemicals through diffusion.

The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal.

Which of the following is true regarding the yield of ATP during aerobic cellular respiration? The theoretical yield of ATP from aerobic cellular respiration is 30 ATP, but often the actual yield is much higher. The theoretical yield of ATP from aerobic cellular respiration is 38 ATP, but often times the actual yield is lower. Aerobic cellular respiration always yields 38 ATP once the process has completed. It is impossible to determine the theoretical yield of ATP from aerobic respiration.

The theoretical yield of ATP from aerobic cellular respiration is 38 ATP, but often times the actual yield is lower.

Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids? They are not soluble in water. They are composed of nitrogenous chains. They are polar molecules. They are either fats or oils.

They are not soluble in water.

The enzyme ptyalin helps digest carbohydrates, while the enzyme pepsin helps digest proteins. What prevents ptyalin and pepsin from digesting the same type of food?

They have different shapes.

How are triglycerides formed? Triglycerides are formed through hydrolysis, which results in the loss of H20 molecules. Triglycerides are formed through dehydration synthesis, which results in the addition of H20 molecules. Triglycerides are formed through hydrolysis, which results in the production H20 molecule. Triglycerides are formed through dehydration synthesis, which results in the loss of H20 molecules.

Triglycerides are formed through dehydration synthesis, which results in the loss of H20 molecules.

Which of the following explains why water is a good solvent for polar and ionic compounds? Water is a polar molecule. Water is a non-covalent molecule. Water is an ionic compound. Water is a hydrophobic molecule.

Water is a polar molecule

Why is water unable to dissolve substances like oil? Water is polar and oil is nonpolar. Both water and oil are polar. Water is nonpolar and oil is polar. Both water and oil are nonpolar.

Water is polar and oil is nonpolar.

List the followign microscopic items from smallest (left) to largest (right). Water molecule Hemoglobin Skin Cell Influenza Virus Grain of salt

Water molecule, hemoglobin, influenza virus, skin cell, grain of salt

A plant cell has a 5\%5%5, percent salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing a 12\%12%12, percent salt concentration. Water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to shrivel. Water will move into the plant cell, causing it to swell and burst. Water will move into the plant cell, causing it to shrivel. Water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to swell and burst.

Water will move out of the planct cell, causing it to shrivel.

What is the function of the mitochondria? (A) site of transcription (B) Where ATP is synthesized (C) Where genetic information is stored (D) Where cellular waste products are broken down.

Where ATP is synthesized.

Which of the following is true of osmosos? Osmosis is the movement of oxygen across a membrane. Osmosis is a type of passive transport. Osmosis moves against the water concentration gradient. Osmosis requires the use of the energy molecule ATP.

osmosis is a type of passive transport

What three particles make up an atom?

protons, neutrons, electrons