A&P Skeletal System Test Review
Osteon
This is the structural and functional unit of compact bone.
Canaliculi
Ultra-small canals radiating in all directions from the lacunae and connecting them to each other and to the Haversian canal.
Volkmann's Canal
(Horizontal) are any of the small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Haversian Canal
(Vertical) extends lengthwise throughout the center of each osteon and contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
Long Bone -Characteristics? -Composition?
-Are much longer than they are wide; -Femur and Phalanges (bone fingers)
Epiphyses
-Both ends of bone is made of cancellous bone filled with marrow. -Bulbous shape -Function: Provide attachments for muscles and give stability to joints.
Periosteum
-Dense, white, fibers membrane that covers the bone. -Essentials: Bone cell survival and bone formation.
Diaphysis
-Main shaft -Hollow, think and looks like a cylinder -Compact -Function: Provide support without cumbersome weight.
Marrow
-Red Marrow: -Yellow Marrow:
Flat Bone -Characteristics? -Composition?
-Thin layer of spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone; -Bones of the skull
Medullary Cavity
-Tubelike hollow space in the diaphysis -Filled with yellow marrow
Short Bone -Characteristics? -Composition?
-Usually cube shaped; -Tarsals and carpals
Epiphyseal Plates / Lines
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Osteoclast function?
Active erosion of the bone minerals
How does the bone grow?
As you grow, the cartilage in your bones grows. Over time, it slowly gets replaced by bone with the help of calcium. This process is called ossification. http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-do-bones-grow
Osteoblast function?
Bone-forming cells found in all bone surfaces
Lamella
Concentric, cylinder-shaped layers of calcified matrix.
Compact Bone
Dense and solid in appearance.
Parts of the Long Bone
Diaphysis, Epiphyses, Articular cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary Cavity, Marrow, and Endosteum.
What are the four types of bones?
Long, short, irregular, and flat.
Osteocyte function?
Mature, non dividing osteoblasts surrounded by matrix, lying within lacunae.
Trabeculae
Needlelike bars
Cancellous (Spongy) Bone
Open space partially filled with needle-like structures.
What are the three types of Bone Cells?
Osteocyte, Osteoblast, and Osteoclasts.
Lacunae
Small spaces containing tissue fluid in which bone cells are located between hard layers of the lamella.