A&P Skeletal System Test Review

Osteon

This is the structural and functional unit of compact bone.

Canaliculi

Ultra-small canals radiating in all directions from the lacunae and connecting them to each other and to the Haversian canal.

Volkmann's Canal

(Horizontal) are any of the small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Haversian Canal

(Vertical) extends lengthwise throughout the center of each osteon and contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

Long Bone -Characteristics? -Composition?

-Are much longer than they are wide; -Femur and Phalanges (bone fingers)

Epiphyses

-Both ends of bone is made of cancellous bone filled with marrow. -Bulbous shape -Function: Provide attachments for muscles and give stability to joints.

Periosteum

-Dense, white, fibers membrane that covers the bone. -Essentials: Bone cell survival and bone formation.

Diaphysis

-Main shaft -Hollow, think and looks like a cylinder -Compact -Function: Provide support without cumbersome weight.

Marrow

-Red Marrow: -Yellow Marrow:

Flat Bone -Characteristics? -Composition?

-Thin layer of spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone; -Bones of the skull

Medullary Cavity

-Tubelike hollow space in the diaphysis -Filled with yellow marrow

Short Bone -Characteristics? -Composition?

-Usually cube shaped; -Tarsals and carpals

Epiphyseal Plates / Lines

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Osteoclast function?

Active erosion of the bone minerals

How does the bone grow?

As you grow, the cartilage in your bones grows. Over time, it slowly gets replaced by bone with the help of calcium. This process is called ossification. http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-do-bones-grow

Osteoblast function?

Bone-forming cells found in all bone surfaces

Lamella

Concentric, cylinder-shaped layers of calcified matrix.

Compact Bone

Dense and solid in appearance.

Parts of the Long Bone

Diaphysis, Epiphyses, Articular cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary Cavity, Marrow, and Endosteum.

What are the four types of bones?

Long, short, irregular, and flat.

Osteocyte function?

Mature, non dividing osteoblasts surrounded by matrix, lying within lacunae.

Trabeculae

Needlelike bars

Cancellous (Spongy) Bone

Open space partially filled with needle-like structures.

What are the three types of Bone Cells?

Osteocyte, Osteoblast, and Osteoclasts.

Lacunae

Small spaces containing tissue fluid in which bone cells are located between hard layers of the lamella.