A&P Test 3

The connective tissue around each muscle fiber is the ____________________; the layer around each fascicle is the ____________________, and the layer around the whole muscle is the ____________________. The last connective tissue layer that seperates the muscle from suround tissues is the ____________.

(1) endomysium (2) perimysium (3) epimysium (4) fascia

1. Contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same as the muscle shortens. 2. Contraction in which the tension within the muscle increases as the length remains constant. 3. Contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same as the length changes. 4. Contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same as the muscle lengthens.

1. Concentric 2. Isometric 3. Isotonic 4. Eccentric

1. protein that has receptor sites for an ion that causes it to change shape and pull another protein away from the receptor sites on the actin 2. protein that has active sites for cross-bridge heads 3. compound that supplies the energy for muscle contraction 4. the stimulus to contract the muscle is carried inside the muscle by this structure 5. ion that is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum 6. chemical released by the motor neuron that initiates the stimulus for a muscle contraction 7. by energizing these structures, chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy 8. protein that has cross-bridge heads that pull on the thin fiber 9. protein that directly prevents the formation of cross-bridges in the sarcomere

1. troponin 2. actin 3. ATP 4. T-tubules 5. calcium 6. acetylcholine 7. cross-bridges 8. myosin 9. tropomyosin

Which of the following is true of a twitch contraction?

During a twitch, all fibers in a motor unit respond to an action potential in a motor neuron. During its latent period, Ca2+ binds to troponin. During its contraction period, Ca2+ is actively transported in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. During its relaxation period, an action potential moves across the sarcolemma and T tubules. All of the above are correct. ANSWER:During a twitch, all fibers in a motor unit respond to an action potential in a motor neuron.

Which type of lever is the elbow considered to be?

First-class lever All levers meet this description Third-Class lever Second-class lever ANSWER: third class lever

On which type of lever is the effort (or applied force) and load/resistance on opposite sides of the fulcrum?

First-class lever Third-Class lever All levers meet this description Second-class lever ANSWER: First-class lever

Which of the following is true of the development of muscle tissue?

Most muscle tissue develops from ectoderm. 42-44 pairs of somites that will yield skeletal muscle tissue appear by the end of the 5th week. The dermatomes of the somites become muscle tissue. Cardiac muscle tissue develops from the sclerotome layer of the somites. Smooth muscle tissue develops from the endodermal cells associated with the intestines. ANSWER:42-44 pairs of somites that will yield skeletal muscle tissue appear by the end of the 5th week.

What is the name of the muscle cytoplasm? T tubule myosin Z disks Sarcoplasm sarcomere myofibril Sarcolemma actin Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Sarcoplasm

All of the following are true of muscle tissue regeneration EXCEPT:

Skeletal muscle tissue retains its mitotic ability and ability to regenerate throughout life. Smooth muscle fibers of the uterus and arterial walls have regenerative capacity. Cardiac muscle tissue has limited regenerative capacity. Most body tissues have more regenerative capacity than the muscle tissues. Healthy cardiac muscle fibers may undergo hypertrophy to compensate for damaged cells. ANSWER:Skeletal muscle tissue retains its mitotic ability and ability to regenerate throughout life.

Which type of lever is the alantoocipital joint considered to be?

Third-Class lever First-class lever Second-class lever All levers meet this description ANSWER: First-class lever

What is a sarcolemma?

a system of transverse tubules that extend at a right angle to the long axis of the cell. the name for the muscle cell cytoplasm. a unique name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber. a segment of the myofibril between two successive Z-lines. ANSWER: a unique name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.

Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?

absorbing heat from the environment storage of triglycerides controlling flow of materials out of the stomach and urinary bladder destabilizing body position storing calcium ANSWER:controlling flow of materials out of the stomach and urinary bladder

After heavy exercise, if energy reserves in a muscle are depleted, ________ occurs. atrophy paralysis tetanus treppe an oxygen debt

an oxygen debt

What is another name for a muscle cell? both myocyte and muscle fibers are acceptable names for a muscle cell. muscle fiber myocyte

both myocyte and muscle fibers are acceptable names for a muscle cell.

The term aponeurosis refers to a... connective tissue sheath that encloses several tendons thickened part of a muscle broad, flat, sheetlike tendon band of connective tissue that encloses entire groups of tendons

broad, flat, sheetlike tendon

How does muscle tissue contribute to homeostasis?

by generating heat that helps maintain body temperature by moving materials through the body by pulling on bones to move the body All of the above ANSWER: All of the above

In response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases acetylcholine. potassium ions. sodium ions. hydrogen ions. calcium ions.

calcium ions..

In which of the following would the motor units have the fewest muscle fibers?

calf muscles thigh muscles muscles that control the eyes muscles of the neck postural muscles of the back ANSWER:muscles that control the eyes

The motor end plate is part of a...

cardiac muscle cell at the intercalated disc smooth muscle cell when two cells meet motor neuron skeletal muscle cell at the synapse ANSWER:skeletal muscle cell at the synapse

What is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle? epimysium endomysium perimysium sarcomysium

epimysium

Which of the following properties of muscle tissue is its ability to generate tension to do work?

extensibility elasticity contractility excitability ANSWER: contractility

Bundles of fine fibers that extend lengthwise along muscle fibers are called sarcomere. true false?

false

The connective tissue sheath that envelops bundles of muscle fibers is the periosteum.

false

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the sarcomere. true false?

false

Anatomical speaking Which of the following is not a component of a lever system? effort fixator load joint bone

fixator

Which motions are NOT observed for the scapula? flexion and extension upward and downward rotation abduction and adduction elevation and depression protraction and retraction

flexion and extension

Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n) syndesmosis. gomphosis. symphysis. synostosis. synchondrosis.

gomphosis

What is Muscular atrophy?

is a decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils. is the result of overuse of muscles. is in increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibrils. is an increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibers. is always reversible, no matter what the cause. ANSWER:is a decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils.

Lower limb muscles function in

maintaining stability. maintaining posture. moving the body. A and B are correct. A, B and C are correct. ANSWER:A, B and C are correct.

A muscle of the head that is divided into two parts, separated by an aponeurosis is the...

masseter temporalis zygomaticus major occipitofrontalis ANSWER:occipitofrontalis

Finish this sentence: Antagonistic muscle groups... are usually circular muscles perform opposite functions are usually located on the same side of a limb contract together to perform a coordinated movement

perform opposite functions

Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones?

pivot ellipsoid hinge saddle gliding ANSWER: gliding

The joint used to hold a tooth in its socket is actually a _____________. amphiarthrosis synovial diarthrosis synarthrosis

synarthrosis

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

syndesmosis. amphiarthrosis. diarthrosis. symphysis. synarthrosis ANSWER: Amphiarthrosis

A freely movable joint is a(n)

syndesmosis. amphiarthrosis. symphysis. diarthrosis. synarthrosis ANSWER: Diathrosis

Which of the following hormones directly stimulates growth of muscle tissue, leading to increased muscle mass? epinephrine thyroid hormone testosterone parathyroid hormone calcitonin

testosterone

Which type of lever is the effort (or applied force) exerted between the fulcrum and load/resistance? Third-Class lever Second-class lever First-class lever All levers meet this description

third class

One of the major functions of muscles is heat productiont.

true

One of the major functions of muscles is posture. true false?

true

The smallest contractile unit of muscle is a sarcomere. true false?

true

Bundles of fine fibers that extend lengthwise along muscle fibers are called myofibrils.

true or false? TRUE