A&P test review

which of the following is not a function of the muscular system

Blood cell formation

an action potential is caused by an influx of _____ ions into the cell

Sodium

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called:

abduction

what is released by axon terminals into the synaptic cleft to simulate a muscle to contract

acetylcholine

muscles that form opposite actions to one another are termed

antagonists

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb water from forming urine as a result, increases blood volume

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

alcohol inhibits the secretion of

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

aorta

What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

atria and ventricles

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the

axon

Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction?

calcium triggers the binding of myosin heads to actin filaments

striated involuntary muscle tissues classified as _______ muscle

cardiac

what are the two main divisions of the nervous system

central and peripheral

Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking to maintain her balance difficult which part of the brain was sedated by the alcohol?

cerebellum

which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, from superior to inferior

cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves

What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles?

chordae tendineae

arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is

circular

the heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from

closure of the heart valves

Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten one adequately stimulated. a characteristic known as

contractibility

the "fight or flight" response triggers the release of

epinephrine

What two hormones are made by female ovaries

estrogen and progesterone

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by the male testes is

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Cortizone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by middle cortical layer of adrenal gland

glucocorticoids

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the __________.

hepatic portal vein

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

hypertension (high blood pressure)

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the

hypothalamus

beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as _______

insulin and glucagon

what Type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in the neural pathways

interneurons (association neurons)

contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as

isometric contractions

what is the main function of the quadriceps groups?

knee extension

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

left ventricle

The vital centers for the control of vicereal activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the

medulla oblongata

Which hormone appears to play in important role in establishing the bodies sleep-wake cycle

melatonin

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called

meninges

as the efficiency of the ovaries declines in middle-age, a woman's ability to bear children ends. what is this known as

menopause

Miss Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. what specific type of neuron has been damaged

motor neuron

impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are

myelinated

what is the muscular layer of the heart wall

myocardium

according to the sliding filament theory how does muscle contraction occur

myosin heads form cross bridges and Pull thin filaments causing them to slide

The point of muscle attachment to an unmovable or less movable bone is known as the

origin

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________ that are stored by the posterior pituitary

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The delicate and innermost membrane or Meningeal layer that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the blank mater

pia

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to

pituitary dwarfism

the transportation of blood from the right side to the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as __________ circulation

pulmonary

which of the following is an example of isometric contraction

pushing against an immovable wall

What is the target organ of thyrotrophic hormone (TH) or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

thyroid

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

tricuspid valve

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

valves

what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels

vasoconstriction

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

white, gray

Jason injured his hamstring muscle group during football practice he will be unable to perform ______

Thigh extension and knee flexion

which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart

sinoatrial (SA) node

which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Some people purchase melatonin as an over the counter medication for what specific purpose?

sleep aid

during repolarization what ions are pumped out of cell

sodium

What must rush into a muscle cell to promote it's depolarization

sodium ions

Which of the following is not an effective testosterone on males?

stimulation of the posterior pituitary