A&P test review
which of the following is not a function of the muscular system
Blood cell formation
an action potential is caused by an influx of _____ ions into the cell
Sodium
While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called:
abduction
what is released by axon terminals into the synaptic cleft to simulate a muscle to contract
acetylcholine
muscles that form opposite actions to one another are termed
antagonists
Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb water from forming urine as a result, increases blood volume
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
alcohol inhibits the secretion of
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.
aorta
What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
arteries
The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
atria and ventricles
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the
axon
Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction?
calcium triggers the binding of myosin heads to actin filaments
striated involuntary muscle tissues classified as _______ muscle
cardiac
what are the two main divisions of the nervous system
central and peripheral
Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking to maintain her balance difficult which part of the brain was sedated by the alcohol?
cerebellum
which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, from superior to inferior
cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles?
chordae tendineae
arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is
circular
the heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from
closure of the heart valves
Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten one adequately stimulated. a characteristic known as
contractibility
the "fight or flight" response triggers the release of
epinephrine
What two hormones are made by female ovaries
estrogen and progesterone
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by the male testes is
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cortizone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by middle cortical layer of adrenal gland
glucocorticoids
The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the __________.
hepatic portal vein
Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.
hypertension (high blood pressure)
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the
hypothalamus
beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as _______
insulin and glucagon
what Type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in the neural pathways
interneurons (association neurons)
contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as
isometric contractions
what is the main function of the quadriceps groups?
knee extension
The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
left ventricle
The vital centers for the control of vicereal activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the
medulla oblongata
Which hormone appears to play in important role in establishing the bodies sleep-wake cycle
melatonin
The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called
meninges
as the efficiency of the ovaries declines in middle-age, a woman's ability to bear children ends. what is this known as
menopause
Miss Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. what specific type of neuron has been damaged
motor neuron
impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are
myelinated
what is the muscular layer of the heart wall
myocardium
according to the sliding filament theory how does muscle contraction occur
myosin heads form cross bridges and Pull thin filaments causing them to slide
The point of muscle attachment to an unmovable or less movable bone is known as the
origin
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________ that are stored by the posterior pituitary
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The delicate and innermost membrane or Meningeal layer that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the blank mater
pia
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to
pituitary dwarfism
the transportation of blood from the right side to the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as __________ circulation
pulmonary
which of the following is an example of isometric contraction
pushing against an immovable wall
What is the target organ of thyrotrophic hormone (TH) or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
thyroid
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.
valves
what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels
vasoconstriction
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.
white, gray
Jason injured his hamstring muscle group during football practice he will be unable to perform ______
Thigh extension and knee flexion
which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?
receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial (SA) node
which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Some people purchase melatonin as an over the counter medication for what specific purpose?
sleep aid
during repolarization what ions are pumped out of cell
sodium
What must rush into a muscle cell to promote it's depolarization
sodium ions
Which of the following is not an effective testosterone on males?
stimulation of the posterior pituitary