AB Board Review pt 4

A simple fluid collection surround the testis is referred to as:

hydrocele

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except: A. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between tarsals B. Ganglion cysts typically appear as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancemet C. Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to touch, and painful D. Ganglion cysts are often treated with injection of corticosteroids

A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals

The lack of the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is known as

Bell-clapper deformity

Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by: a. Prostatitis b. Prostate cancer c. Benign prostatic hypertrophy d. Klinefelter syndrome

Bening prostatic hypertrophy

The most common location of a hydrocele is: A. Superior to the testis B. Within the scrotal wall C. Between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis D. Between the tunica vaginalis and the tunica albuginea

Between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

The Achilles tendon connects the: A. Ankle to the knee B. Heel to ankle C. Heel to the calf muscle D. Knee to the calf muscle

Heel to the calf muscle

Which of the following is consistent with the sonographic features of testicular abscess? A. Hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within it B. Onion skin sonographic appearance and hyperemic epididymis C. Hyperemic flow within an anechoic mass D. Hyperemic flow within the abscess but not around it

Hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within it

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion except: A. Hyperemic flow within the testis B. Hypoechoic testis C. Reactive hydrocele D. Decreased intratesticular flow (as compared with the asymptomatic testis)

Hyperemic flow within the testis

Clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except: A. Itching of the area of the tendon B. Pain C. Edema D. The area is warm to the touch

Itching of the area of the tendon

A 6 y/o female patient presents for a hip sonogram with irritability, unwillingness to walk, and low-grade fever. You visualize a hypoechoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Developmental hip dysplasia B. Subluxation C. Joint effusion D. Hip dislocation

Joint effusion

Secondary varicoceles are most likely associated with all of the following except: A. Left-sided location B. Right-sided location C. Hepatomegaly D. Renal mass

Left-sided location

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: A. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic B. A linear array trandsucer should be used C. Most foreign bodies are better visualized with a standoff pad D. Comet-tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except: A. No intravascular flow B. Small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis C. Reactive hydrocele D. Scrotal wall thickening

No intratesticular flow

Which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip? A. Graf B. Ortolani C. Barlow D. Thompson

Ortolani

A patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Peyronie disease C. Tinner syndrome D. Testicular fracture

Peyronie disease

Spermatogenesis occurs within the: A. Tunica albuginea B. Rete testis C. Mediastinum tesits D. Seminferous tubules

Seminiferous tubules

A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of cellulitis on his abdomen. The patient has fever, edema, and complains of focal tenderness in a specific region affected by the cellulitis. You identify a complex collection of fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Superficial hemangioma B. Subcutaneous carcinoma C. Mastitis D. Superficial abscess

Superficial abscess

A standoff pad is most useful in imaging

Superficial structures

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of: A. Hyperemic flow B. Tendosynobitis C. Cartilaginous inflammaiton D. Cartilaginous extension

Tendosynovitis

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an Achilles tendon except: A. The patient lies prone, with his or her feet hanging off the end of the bed B. Both the symptomatic and asymptomatic Achilles tendon should be scanned for comparison C. The entire tendon should be evaluated in sag and trans D. The patient is scanned standing, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

The patient is scanned standing, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? A. The patient lies prone and performs plantarflexion B. The patient lies prone while symptomatic calf is squeezed C. The patient lies supine and performs platarflexion D. The patient lies prone and performs dorsalflexion

The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

A 23 y/o man presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility. Which of the following is associated with male infertility? A. spermatocele B. Choriocarcinoma C. Varicocele D. Hydrocele

Varicocele

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility? A. Varicocele B. Chlamydia C. Hydrocele D. Testicular torsion

Varicocele

What scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves within the pampiniform plexus? A. Testicular carcinoma B. Testicular microlithiasis C. Testicular torsion D. Varicocele

Varicocele

A patient presents with a palpable, oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft. What is the most likely etiology of this mass? A. Pannus cyst B. Epidermoid C. Hemangioma D. Pilonidal cyst

Pilonidal cyst

In what position should the patient be placed to better evaluate the Achilles tendon? A. Prone B. Supine C. RLD D. LLD

Prone

What is the most common cancer found in men? A. Testicular cancer B. Lung cancer C. Liver cancer D. Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer

Inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy is referred to as: A. Puerperal mastitis B. Retromammary mastitis C. Chronis mastitis D. Emphysematous mastitis

Puerperal mastitis

What is the most common malignancy of the testicles? A. Embryonal cell carcinoma B. Seminoma C. Choriocarcinoma D. Spermatocele

Seminoma

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of: A. Malignancy B. Benignancy C. Inflammation D. Rupture

Inflammation

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat? A. Hemangioma B Lipoma C. Hamartoma D. Onococytoma

Lipoma

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object: A. Fluid B. Enhancement C. Dust D. Air

Air

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: A. Hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue B. Isoechoic to the surrounding tissue C. Hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue D. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a:

Baker's cyst

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a: A. Hemangioma B. Lipoma C. Baker's cyst D. Ganglion cyst

Baker's cyst

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed: A. Ascites B. Retroperitoneal fibrosis C. Cellulitis D. Subcutaneous edema

Cellulitis

Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects ma cause:

Comet-tail artifact

Clinical findings of a Baker's cyst may mimic those of a(n): A. Ateriovenous malformation B. DVT C. Knee fracture D. Ganglion cyst

DVT

Which of the following is a benign intratesticular mass that typically has the whorled or onion skin sonographic appearance? a. Seminoma b. Teratoma c. Epidermoid cyst d. adrenal rest

Epidermoid cyst

Which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord? A. Epididymis B. Testicular artery C. Cremaster muscle D. Lymph nodes

Epididymis

A bible hump is also referred to as:

Ganglion cyst

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels? A. Hemangioma B. Lipoma C. Hamartoma D. Oncocytoma

Hemangioma

Which of the following tranducers would be best suited to sonographically assess for a splinter in a patient's hand? A. High-frequency linear array transducer B. Low-frequency curved array transducer C. High-frequency sector transducer D. Low-frequency linear array transducer

High-frequency linear array transducer

A complicated Baker's cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as: A. Pannus B. Plicae C. Septation D. Lipoma

Pannus

Subluxation denotes: A. Synovial joint obstruction B. Partial hip dislocation C. Rupture of the bursa D. Inflammation of the acetabulum

Partial hip dislocation

The most common location of prostatic cancer?

Peripheral zone

Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is referred to as: A. Mirror image B. Indirect artifact C. Relfective shadowing D. Refractive shadowing

Refractive shadowing

Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except: A. Left-sided location B. Retroperitoneal mass C. Infertility D. Palpable extratesticular mass

Retroperitoneal mass

Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and : A. Prostate cancer B. Seminoma C. Bulbuourethral stones D. Seminal vesicle cysts

Seminal vesicle cysts

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as:

Tendosynovitis

Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with: A. Testicular carcinoma B. Hydrocele C. Testicular trauma D. Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? A. The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon B. The calf is squeezed and should not plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon C. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon D. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should no plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon

The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon.

The most common location of a varicocele is:

The left side of the scrotum

Which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma? A. They often complain of pain in the area of the mass B. They are often obese C. They are only slightly tender in the area of the mass D. They feel no pain in the area of the mass

They feel no pain in the area of the mass

A 7 y/o presents to the ER with acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Testicular torsion B. Hydrocele C. Torsion of the testicular appendage D. Yolk sac tumor

Torsion of the testicular appendage

The blue dot sign is indicative of: A. Testicular torsion B. Epididymitis C. Orchitis D. Torsion of the testicular appendage

Torsion of the testicular appendage

What is the most likely cause of a hip joint effusion in infants? A. Tendonitis B. Bursitis C. Developmental hip dysplasia D. Transient synovitis

Transiet synovitis

Which of the following techniques is useful for providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele? A. Valsalva maneuver B. Sitting position C. Pulsed Doppler D. RLD

Valsalva maneuver

A dilated group of veins found within the scrotum is called a:

Varicocele

What lab value can be assessed as a tumor marker to evaluate a patient for testicular malignancy? a. serum bilirubin b. amylase c. alpha-fetoprotein d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

alpha-fetoprotein

Which of the following houses the male urethra? A. Corpus spongiosum B. Buck fascia C. Bulbourethral gland D. Corpus cavernosum

corpus spongiosum

Tendons sonographically appear as

echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone

A partial tear of the tendon typically appears as:

focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is:

spermatocele

The endocrine function of the testicles is to produce:

testosterone

The most common location of BPH is the: a. Peripheral zone b. transitional zone c. central zone d. Veromontanum

transitional zone

During sonographic examination of the right testis, you visualize multiple small cysts located along the mediastinum testis. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Prostatitis b. Tubular ectasia of the rete testis c. Multiple spermatoceles d. epidermoid cysts

tubular ectasia of the rete testis

cryptorchidism

undescended testicles

Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure: A. > 8 mm B. > 4mm C. < 2mm D. > 2mm

> 2mm

Which of the following best describes a spermatocele? A. The most common malignant neoplasm of the scrotum B. A benign, intratesticular cyst C. A cyst, found within the head of the epididymis, that may contain debris D. A dilated group of veins found within the scrotum

A cyst found within the head of the epididymis, that may contain debris

Which of the following would most likely resemble a solid intratesticular mass and be associated with Cushing syndrome? A. Choriocarcinoma B. Epidermoid cyst C. Intratesticular varicocele D. Adrenal rest

Adrenal rest

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the:

Ganglion cyst

The exocrine function of the testicles is to produce: A. testosterone B. Human chorionic gonadotropin C. Alpha-fetoprotein D. Sperm

Sperm

What test can be performed to determine a torn Achilles tendon? A. McBurney test B. McDonald test C. Thompson test D. Baker test

Thompson test

Which of the following techniques is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles? A. Graf B. Ortolani C. Barlow D. Thompson

Graf

Sonographically, normal muscle appears as: A. Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands B. Complex tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands C. Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands D. Echogenic tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands

Hypoechic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

Which of the following best describes the most common sonographic appearance of gynecomastia'? A. Hypoechoic, retroareloar mass B. Hyperechoic, exophytic mass C. Anechoic, retroareolar mass D. Hyperechoic, areolar mass

Hypoechic, retroareolar area

What would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma? A. Hyperechoic B. Anechoic C. Heterogeneous with calcifications D. Hypoechoic

Hypoechoic