abdomen test Ch. 3
the iliac crest corresponds with the _______ vertebral level? a-t12 b-L1 c-L2-3 d-L4-5
L4-5
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. speen
intraperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. transverse colon
intraperitoneal
in which region or compartment is the spleen located? a-extraperitoneum b-retroperitoneum c-infraperitoneum d-intraperitoneum
intraperitoneum
what cr centering should be used for dorsal decub prjection of the abdomen (if the diaphragm is to be included) a-at level of iliac crest b-2 inches above iliac crest c-at level of umbilius d- place bottom of image receptor at lvl of asis
2 inches above iliac crest
where is the cr centered for the ap erect projection of the abdomen
2 inches above iliac crest
at what lvl should the cr be placed for a left lateral decub projection of the abdomen? a-asis b-2 inches above the iliac crest c- iliac crest d-umbilicus
2 inches above the iliac crest
what analog exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abdominal projection on an average sized pt?
75 kvp, 600 ma, 1/30 SEC, grid, 40 in
which of the following KV ranges (digital) is recommended for KUB on an adult? a-50-60 b-110-120 c-70+/- 5 d- 80+/-5
80+/-5KV
what is volvulus
a twisting of a loop of the intestine creating an obstructon
what is ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
which radiographic landmark is most reliable to evaluate the PA projection of the abdomen for rotation? a- ala of the ilium (wings) b- symphysis pubis c- asis d-xiphoid process
ala of the ilium (wings)
which of the following clinical indications would suggest the need for dorsal decub abdomen position? a-aneurism b- calcification of the aorta c- umbilical hernia d-all of the above
all of the above
which of the following conditions can produce a dynamic bowel obstruction? a-chrons disease b-intussusception c-fibrous adhesions d-all of the above
all of the above
the prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the ilium is the: a- ischial tuberosity b-iliac crest c- anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) d- symphysis pubis
anterior superor iliac spine (ASIS)
why is left lateral decub preferred over right lateral decub abdomen for acute abdomen series?
any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower margin of the liver.
a pt enters the ed with possible ascites. the pt is ambulatory. which one of the following projections of the acute abdomen series will best demonstrate this condition? a-ap suine b- pa prone c- ap erect d- pa erect chest
ap erect
a patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum. the pt is able to stand and lie recumbent. which one of the following projections will best demonstrate the severity of this condition?
ap erect abdomen
which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen?
ascites
which of the following landmarks is often easier to palpate to locate the lower abdomen on the obese pt a-asis b-symphysis pubis c- iliac crest d-umbilicus
asis
to ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection the top of the image receptor should be at the approx level of the: a-inferior costal margin b-jugular notch c-axilla d-xiphoid process
axilla
in which of the four major quadrants of the adbomen would the gallbladder be found?
right upper quadrant
illeus is the formal term for
bowel obstruction
what is adynamic ilius
bowel obstruction caused by lack of intestinal motility
the technologist most often ________ manual, analog exposure factors for the patient with a large ileus
decrease
what is crohn's disease
chronic inflammation of intestional wall that may result in bowel obstruction
which of the following modalities often requires the use of intravenous, iodinated contrast media for studies of the abdomen esp for possible neoplasms
ct
a 16 year old female pt enters the ed with a possible kidney stone. she complains of pain in the right lower pelvis region. which of the following options should be taken in regard to gonadal shielding? a-use on preliminary rojectoin b-dont use it c-ask pt or her parents for their ermission to not shield the gonads d-use it on all projections
do not use
a pt comes into radiology with a clinical history of possible abdominal aortic aneurysm. which of the following abdominal projections would best demonstrate this condition? a- left lateral decub b- ap erect c- right lateral decub d- dorsal decub
dorsal decub
a pt comes into radiology with a clinical history of umbilical hernia. whihc of the following andomen prjections would best demonstrate it? a-kub b-dorsal decub c-left lateral decub d- ap erect
dorsal decub
which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest? a-cecum b-ileum c-duodenum d- jejunum
duodenum
the suprarenal glands are part of the______ system
endocrine
a patient enters the ED with a possible perforated duodenal ulcer. the pt is ambulatory. which of the following projections will demonstrate free intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?
erect PA chest
what type of respiration should be employed prior to exposure for AP kidneys, ureter, and bladder projection
expiration
what is another common term for the greater omentum? a-adipose layer b-mesentary c-fatty apron d-peritoneum
fatty apron
what is pneumoperitoneum
free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity
the greater omentum extends from the transverse colon to the _________. a-inferior margin of liver b-greater curvature of the stomach c- posterior abdominal wall d- duodenum
greater curvature of the stomach
to ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on the KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the: a- iliiac crest b-inferior costal margin c- asis d- greater trochanter of symphysis pubis
greater trochanter or symphysis pubis
the technologist most often _______ manual, analog exposure factors for a pt with severe ascites.
increase
which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds to the L2-3 vertebral lvl? a-jugular notch b-asis c-xiphoid process d- inferior costal margin
inferior costal margin
what is ulcerative colitis
inflammatory condition of the colon (most frequently involves rectosigmoid region)
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. lower rectum
infraperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. reproductive organs
infraperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. urinary bladder
infraperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. jejunum
intraperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. liver
intraperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. sigmoid colon
intraperitoneal
the most inferior positioning landmark on the abdomen/ pelvis is the
ischial tuberosity
which of the following conditions is not considered a clinical indication for an acute abdominal series? a-intra-abdominal mass b- kidney stone c-infection d-obstruction
kidney stone
why is the pa projection of the abdomen less desirable for a kub than an ap projection? a-increased gonadal dose with pa b- it is not less desirable, but radiographers choice c- the pa projection is less comfortable d-kidneys are further from the IR with PA
kidneys are further from IR with PA
a patient is in the ICU after abdominal surgery. the surgeon is concerned about a possible perforated bowel. the pt cannot stand or sit. which of the following positions will best demonstrate any possible intra-abdominal air? a-ventral decub b-right lateral decub c-dorsal decub d- left lateral decub
left lateral decub
a pt comes into radiology with possible bleeding within in abdomen. the pt is unable to stand or sit for any projections. whihc of the following projections would be most effective in demonstrating fluid withing the abdomen for this pt? a- ap kub b- ap supine chest c- left lateral decub d- right lateral dorsal decub
left lateral decub
where must the cr be centered for an ap supine projection of the abdomen as part of the acute abdomen series?
level of iliac crest
which of the following solid organs is the largest in the abdomen? a-pancreas b-liver c-spleen d-kidneys
liver
which of the following structures help stabilize and support the small intestines? a-omentum b-mesentary c-viscera d-peritoneum
mesentary
what is the name of the double walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity? a-peritoneum b-viscera c-mesentary d-omentum
peritoneum
which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a properly exposed abdomen projection on an average sized pt a-psoas major b- quadratus lumborum c- erector spinae d- latissimis dorsi
psoas muscle
which of the following factors must be followed for an ap erect abdomen projection? a-use higher kvp b- collimate lower border to lvl of asis c-patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 min before imagining d- increase sid to 72 in to minimize magnification
pt needs to be upright a minimum of 5 min before
the prefix pyleo refers to the a-renal pelvis b-ureter c- renal cortex d- urinary bladder
renal pelvis
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. adrenal glands
retroperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. ascending and descending colon
retroperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. c-loop of duodenum
retroperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. kidney
retroperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. major abdominal blood vessels
retroperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. pancreas
retroperitoneal
identify as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures. proximal ureters
retroperitoneal
in which region or compartment of the abdomen is the pancreas located?
retroperitoneal
a dorsal decub abdomen is ordered on a pt. the pt is placed on his back on a cart. the cr will enter the left side of the patient with the right side against the IR. what types of markers will be used?
right and decub markers
which of the following abdominal regions would contain the right colic (hepatic) flexure? a-right lateral lumbar b-right hypocondriac c-epigastric d-right inguinal
right lateral lumbar
in which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found? a-right lower quadrant b-left upper c-left lower d-right upper
right lower quadrant
a radiograph of an AP abdomen demonstrates elongation of the LEFT iliac wing and narrowing of the right. what is the positioning error?
rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)
what is the best method to control involuntary motion during abnormal radiography?
short exposure time
the preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder is what?
sonography
which of the following organs is NOT considered an accessory organ for digestion? a-gallbladder b-liver c-pancreas d-spleen
spleen
which of the following structures is part of the lymphatic system a-spleen b-suprarenal glands c- kidneys d- inferior vena cava
spleen
the xiphoid process is at the vertebral level of? a-t9-10 b-t2-3 c-t4-5 L2-3
t9-t10
what is intussusception
telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel
why is the right kidney lower in the abdomen than the left?
the presence of the liver
a radiograph of an ap kub reveals the obturator foramina are cut off frocm the bottom of the image. the kidneys are symphysis pubis are demonstrated. what centering adjustments should the tech make to improve the image? a-open collimation b- center 2 above iliac crest c- the radiograph is correctly centered d- use two cassettes
this radiograph is correctly centered.
which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures? a-sigmoid colon b-descending colon c- transverse colon d- ascending colon
transverse colon
a 3 year old pt comes into radiology for an abdominal study. even with careful instructions and immobilization the pt is having difficulty holding still. which of the following should be done to minimize motion on the radiograph. a- increase kv b-ask older tech to hold pt c- use shorter exposure time d- decrease sid
use shorter exposure time
a radiograph of a supine KUB on an obese pt reveals that the symphysis pubis is cut off along the bottom of the radiograph. the top of the left kidney is also cut off along the top of the radiograph. what modifications does the technologist need to make for the repeat exposure?
use two 14x17 cassettes LANDSCAPE, one centered lower and the other one higher
