Abdominal Review Questions Penny Ch. 7-10

Chronic use of hemodialysis can result in

Acquired renal cystic disease

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure?

Acute tubular necrosis

All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome

Adrenal adenoma Hypertension Excessive thirst

What is the most common clinical finding of a simple renal cyst?

Asymptomatic

Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver?

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Infantile polycystic kidney disease may also be referred to as

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?

Bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys

The most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is

Candida albicans

Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as

Compensatory hypertrophy

Renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed

Cortical

The adrenal cortex produces all of the following

Cortisol Androgens Aldosterone

The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is

Cushing syndrome

Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following

Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome Hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland

With active internal hemorrhage, the patient's hematocrite will

Decrease

Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic renal failure?

Diabetes mellitus

A bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is referred to as

Dromedary hump

The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is

Duplicated collecting system

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands

Easily identified in the fetus Composed of medulla and cortex Also referred to as the suprarenal glands

Which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?

Endocrine glands

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "flight-or-fight" response?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called

Gerota fascia

When internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value is useful for a sonographer to evaluate?

Hematocrit

A localized collection of blood describes a

Hematoma

All of the following are clincal findings of acute renal failure

Hematuria Hypertension Oliguria

Which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria?

Hemorrhagic renal cyst

All of the following are characteristics of a complex cyst

Internal echoes Mural nodules Septations

The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the

Left renal vein

The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the

Left renal vein

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla

Norepinephrine

What is the most common location of an ectopic kidney?

Pelvis

Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland?

Posterior and lateral to the IVC

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following

Proteinuria Throat infection Azotemia

The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed

Pyonephrosis

The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as

Renal capsule

The kidneys are

Retroperitoneal organs

Sonographically, compared to normal kidneys, those affected by chronic renal failure will appear

Smaller in size and more echogenic

A stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred to as

Staghorn calculus

The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the

Suprarenal arteries

The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is

Tuberous sclerosis

Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?

Ureteral stricture

Which of the following locations is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged?

Ureterovesicular junction

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?

Urethritis

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following

Urinary tract infections Urinary calculi Hyperparathyroidism

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome