Abdominal Review Questions Penny Ch. 7-10
Chronic use of hemodialysis can result in
Acquired renal cystic disease
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
Acute tubular necrosis
All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome
Adrenal adenoma Hypertension Excessive thirst
What is the most common clinical finding of a simple renal cyst?
Asymptomatic
Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver?
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Infantile polycystic kidney disease may also be referred to as
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?
Bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys
The most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is
Candida albicans
Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as
Compensatory hypertrophy
Renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed
Cortical
The adrenal cortex produces all of the following
Cortisol Androgens Aldosterone
The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is
Cushing syndrome
Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following
Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome Hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland
With active internal hemorrhage, the patient's hematocrite will
Decrease
Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic renal failure?
Diabetes mellitus
A bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is referred to as
Dromedary hump
The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is
Duplicated collecting system
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands
Easily identified in the fetus Composed of medulla and cortex Also referred to as the suprarenal glands
Which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?
Endocrine glands
Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "flight-or-fight" response?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called
Gerota fascia
When internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value is useful for a sonographer to evaluate?
Hematocrit
A localized collection of blood describes a
Hematoma
All of the following are clincal findings of acute renal failure
Hematuria Hypertension Oliguria
Which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria?
Hemorrhagic renal cyst
All of the following are characteristics of a complex cyst
Internal echoes Mural nodules Septations
The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the
Left renal vein
The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the
Left renal vein
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine
What is the most common location of an ectopic kidney?
Pelvis
Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland?
Posterior and lateral to the IVC
Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following
Proteinuria Throat infection Azotemia
The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed
Pyonephrosis
The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as
Renal capsule
The kidneys are
Retroperitoneal organs
Sonographically, compared to normal kidneys, those affected by chronic renal failure will appear
Smaller in size and more echogenic
A stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred to as
Staghorn calculus
The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the
Suprarenal arteries
The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is
Tuberous sclerosis
Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?
Ureteral stricture
Which of the following locations is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged?
Ureterovesicular junction
Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?
Urethritis
Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following
Urinary tract infections Urinary calculi Hyperparathyroidism
The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome