abnormal ch 12
Peacocking is a way to attract sexual partners by:
dressing with flair
A person with _____ experiences severe pain in the genitals during sexual activity.
dyspareunia
Which is NOT believed to be a factor in the origins of female arousal and orgasmic disorders?
engaging in masturbation in childhood
______ is the inability to achieve an erection.
erectile disorder
In males, the penis becomes erect during which phase of the sexual response cycle?
excitement
People experiencing dyspareunia:
experience pain during sex
The campus bra bandit steals women's underwear from the campus laundry and then masturbates into the underwear. The MOST accurate diagnosis would be:
fetishism
What is the term for the use of and attraction to inanimate objects as a preferred method of achieving sexual excitement?
fetishism
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder may include all of the following EXCEPT:
finding sexual activity repulsive
According to the DSM-5 criteria, a person may be diagnosed with ____ whether or not the person suffers impairment in functioning or distress.
pedophilia
According to DSM-5, all excitement disorders have in common the diagnostic requirement that the difficulty:
causes significant distress or impairment
If someone receives modern sex therapy, chances are that the therapy will:
center on specific sexual problems
What is thought to be the cause of vaginismus, the involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles?
conditioning of a fear response
Eduardo has a troublesome foot fetish. In therapy, he images a shoe and then immediately imagines an aversive stimulus. The behavioral approach being used is:
covert sensitization
A man has been taught to masturbate almost to orgasm, and then to insert his penis for intercourse. He is being treated for:
delayed ejaculation
Pain in the genitals during intercourse is called _____.
dyspareunia
What is another name for genital pain during sexual activity?
dyspareunia
If, during intercourse, a woman repeatedly stimulates her male partner to the point when he almost reaches orgasm and then stops, he is probably being treated for:
early ejaculation
The most common male sexual dysfunction is:
early ejaculation
William, a 20-year-old who is having his first sexual relationship, has gone to see a sex therapist about a sexual dysfunction problem. What is William MOST likely suffering from?
early ejaculation
A person who (unfortunately) had the following disorder -- clogged arteries, diabetes, and kidney failure -- would be at special risk for:
erectile disorder
A vacuum erection device may be used to treat _____ in males.
erectile failure
A normal healthy man experiences:
erections during REM sleep
A woman reports having vivid sexual fantasies, yet she is unable to experience either clitoral or labial swelling or vaginal lubrication. The MOST likely diagnosis for this woman would be:
female sexual interest/arousal disorder
LaTisha experiences little sexual response to erotic cues and physical stimulation. She is MOST likely experiencing:
female sexual interest/arousal disorder
A person who has _____ may rub his genitals against an unsuspecting person in a crowded theater.
frotteurism
In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd beings to break up, and then he moves away. The MOST likely diagnosis for this man is:
frotteurism
Phillip has repeated and intense sexual urges to rub his genitals against women in crowded subways. He probably has:
frotteuristic disorder
A person feels most comfortable wearing clothes preferred by the opposite gender, strongly wishes to be the opposite gender, and is considering a surgical procedure. The MOST likely diagnosis for this person is:
gender dysphoria
If someone felt assigned to the wrong sex and identified with the opposite gender, that person would MOST likely receive a diagnosis of:
gender dysphoria
Individuals who feels that their actual gender identity is different from the gender they were born with would be diagnosed as having _____.
gender dysphoria
Transgender people who experience extreme distress over the incongruence of their gender identity and/or find themselves impaired by it in their social relationships, at work, or at school have:
gender dysphoria
People with gender identity disorder were previously called transsexuals and now are more accurately referred to as:
gender dysphoric
Which does NOT belong with the others? a. graduated dilators b. masturbatory satiation c. orgasmic reorientation d. aversion therapy
graduated dilators
If a woman is 90 years old and healthy, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that she still masturbates at least occasionally?
greater than 20%
A woman who is sexually assertive and comfortable with masturbation will MOST likely:
have orgasms more regularly
During the young adult years, which experience is LEAST common among women?
having had sexual contact with a same-sex partner
A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing. MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as:
having transvestic disorder
The typical person with transvestism is almost always;
heterosexual
Which disorder is NOT listed in DSM-5 but might be in future DSM editions, following additional study?
hypersexuality
In one form of sexual masochism, known as _____, people strangle or smother themselves (or ask for their partner to strangle them) to enhance their sexual pleasure.
hypoxyphilia
When people nearly strangle themselves to achieve arousal, they are practicing ____.
hypoxyphilia
An exhibitionist exposes himself to another. Which response from the victim would be LEAST satisfying to the exhibitionist?
ignoring the exhibitionist
Attitudes about women's sexuality are more liberal now, yet the rates of female orgasmic disorders have remained the same. This trend:
implies there may be stressful events or issues in relationships related to the difficulty
Which of the following his NOT a symptom of female sexual interest/arousal disorder?
inadequate lubrication during sexual activity
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs from male hypoactive sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it:
includes difficulties in both the desire and arousal stages of the sexual response cycle
In the United States, over the past several decades, the typical duration of sexual intercourse has:
increased, as has the distress of those suffering from early ejaculation
Which is a correct statement about Viagra and/or oral contraceptives?
insurance providers were, in general, much quicker to cover the cost of Viagra than they were to cover the cost of oral contraceptives
A person who is experiencing gender dysphoria:
is unhappy with his or her biological gender
What is the MOST common outcome of gender dysphoria in childhood?
it disappears by adolescence or adulthood
How does viagra work?
it increase blood flow into the penis
What statement BEST describes modern sex therapy?
it is short term and instructive
Which of the following occupations is MOST similar to what Masters and Johnson identified as he spectator role in sexual behavior?
judge
A man who has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse would MOST likely be diagnosed with which type of erectile disorder?
lifelone
The MOST appropriate approach for treating an individual with fetishism is:
masturbatory satiation
What does the process of covert sensitization for fetishism involve?
mentally pairing a fetish object with an aversive stimulus
Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a possible cause of dyspareunia?
misshaped genitalia
A person who is biologically male but considers himself a woman and would like to live as a woman is:
transgender
Individuals who have a strong sense that their gender identity is different from their birth anatomy are known as:
transgender
Cross-dressing is another term for:
transvestic disorder
Which is NOT an example of current trends in sex therapy?
treating only those who do not have other serious psychological problems
Masters and Johnson state that sexual disorders are often maintained because during intercourse, one or both partners adopt a spectator role or have crippling fears about _____
performance
Dyspareunia in women usually has a ____ cause.
physical
A man awakens after eight hours of normal sleep and has an unbroken snap gauge band. There is a good chance that the man has a:
physical basis for his erectile problems
Having a positive relationship with one's mother is associated with _____ in women.
positive orgasm outcomes
Nondemand pleasuring, or _____, is often used in therapy to help couples focus on giving and receiving sexual pleasure with a reduced focus on orgasm.
sensate focus
A client receives directed masturbation training and self-exploration instruction as part of the client's sex therapy. MOST likely, the client is a:
woman being treated for orgasmic disorder
Most clinicians would agree that paraphilia activities should NOT be considered a disorder when:
the behavior is part of an otherwise typical sex life
Studies that have examined the brains of those person who are transgender found:
the brains of transgender individual differ from those of cisgender individuals
Which is the following is the MOST accurate conclusion regarding he use of Viagra and related drugs to treat erectile disorders?
the drugs work approximately 75% of the time and are often given without first assessing what is causing the problem
Most sex therapists are uneasy about reliance on drug treatments for sexual disorders because:
the integrated approach to therapy might be ignored
Generally speaking, what are the outcomes of gender reassignment surgery?
the outcomes are positive
Why are people who go to strip clubs generally NOT considered to be voyeurs?
the performers are consenting to being seen by the audience
Why might someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder have low sexual desire/
the person finds contact with body fluids and odors unpleasant
Which statement is MOST accurate about female orgasm?
women who are comfortable masturbating are more likely to experience orgasm
In a person who has an unusually long resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, which of the following is MOST likely?
the person who did not have an orgasm
Why do people object to the use of Viagra and similar drugs being voluntarily covered by health insurance companies but fail to object to birth control pills not being covered unless mandated by law?
the reason may be the sexual double standard; sex is considered okay for men but not for women
The term sensate focus refers to the technique in which:
the sexual relationship is rebuilt, concentrating on pleasure
Drew is seeking treatment for premature ejaculation. Which procedure is MOST likely to be recommended by his therapist?
the stop-start procedure
What is the primary source of sexual excitement for sexual sadists?
the victim's suffering
Why might some clinicians favor removing gender dysphoria from the DSM?
they believe the stigma of being transgender is what leads to distress
Which is NOT an accurate statement about men who have exhibitionism?
they generally have great confidence in their sense of masculinity
Modern sex therapy usually lasts ____ sessions.
15 to 20
Individuals whose gender identity matches their assigned gender are called:
cisgender
Symptoms of vaginismus always include:
involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles
Which of the following would a qualified sex therapist be LEAST likely to say to a client?
"Focus on your performance as if you were a spectator."
A young woman who formerly had a fairly high sex drive, and who reports no new medical problems, nonetheless experiences an unexpected drop in sex drive. What would be an important question to ask her, before recommending some sort of psychotherapy?
"Have you recently started taking birth control pills?"
Based on the likely sociocultural factors related to erectile disorders, the BEST advice you could give to an aging couple would be to:
"Provide more intense and lengthy penile stimulation."
Which thought would likely be MOST arousing to a voyeur in the act of secretly watching a couple have sex?
"The people would be humiliated if they knew I was watching."
According to DSM-5, the cut-off point for diagnosing early ejaculation is within ____ of initiating sexual activity.
1 minute
According to recent surveys, ____ percent of transgender individuals experience at least moderate distress or dysfunction in one or more areas of life.
10
Studies indicate that _____ percent of women have never had an orgasm.
10
According to surveys, how many transgender people in the United States have reported that they have been harassed or attacked at school, at work, or in their communities as a result of being transgender?
80 to 90%
The disorder frotteurism gradually decreases and often disappears by age ____
25
In the United States, it is estimated that approximately one out of every ____ persons has undergone or will undergo a gender reassignment surgical procedure.
3,100
What percentage of 17-year-old boys have had heterosexual intercourse?
44%
DSM-5 recommends a diagnosis of paraphilia only when associated behaviors, fantasies, or urges last at least:
6 months
To be classified as having male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, a man would have a reduced interest in sex and little sexual activity, with these conditions lasting:
6 months
What percentage of 16-year-old males masturbate at least occasionally?
75%
The study of sexuality that led to a revolution in the treatment of sexual dysfunction was done by:
Maters and Johnson
Theoretically, why do SSRIs help treat early ejaculation?
SSRIs reduce arousal and orgasm and help men delay ejaculation
A revolution in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions occurred with the publication of the landmark book Human Sexual Inadequacy, which was written by:
William masters and Virginia Johnson
A man does not have any penile erections during sleep. This indicates:
a biologically based erectile dysfunction
Tony sees a physician for erectile disorder and wants to understand why it is happening to him. His physician is likely to tell him that most cases of erectile disorder are caused by:
a combination of psychosocial and physical causes
Which condition would MOST likely be treated with masturbatory satiation?
a fetish
What differentiates a person with gender dysphoria from a transgender person?
a person with gender dysphoria experiences extreme distress and impairment over his or her gender incongruence
A person who once experienced normal to above-normal levels pf sexual desire recently has begun to feel much less sexual desire than normal. A sexual dysfunction following this pattern would be called:
acquired
If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any condition, the type of dysfunction would be called:
acquired and generalized
If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and hen had a problem with becoming aroused only when with her husband as a partner, the type of dysfunction would be called:
acquired and situational
During which period does frotteurism typically develop?
adolescence
During which period does pedophilia typically develop?
adolescence
According to Masters and Johnson, performance anxiety may result in a man:
adopting a spectator role during sexual activity
A therapist instructs her patient with low sexual desire to visualize sexual scenes to uncover feelings of anxiety, vulnerability, and other negative emotions the patient may have concerning sex. This therapist is using which technique?
affectual awareness
Davis was instructed to imagine sexual scenes to identify when in the sexual encounter his anxiety about sex first arose. He was engaging in a therapeutic technique called:
affectual awareness
The practice in which a patient is taught to visualize sexual scenes and uncover any negative emotions that occur is:
affectual awareness
The decline of sexual activity in older adult men is usually attributed to:
age and failing health
Which of the following drugs, when used at low levels, may raise the sex drive?
alcohol
An antiandrogen would be MOST appropriate if a paraphilic disorder is caused by:
an inappropriate sex drive
Some clinicians treat premature ejaculations with ____ drugs because those treatments often reduce sexual arousal or orgasm.
antidepressant
If a man is 90 years old and healthy, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that he still masturbates att least occasionally?
approximately 40%
Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples:
are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples
A person's gender at the time of birth, based on the genitals the person has, is referred to as that person's ____ gender.
assigned
Which does NOT belong with the others? a. sensate focus b. aversion therapy c. nondemand pleasuring d. petting
aversion therapy
In psychodynamic theory, the therapeutic goal in treating sexual dysfunction is to:
cause broad personality changes
A recently married, physically healthy man expresses great love for his new spouse, yet he feels almost no sexual desire for her. One likely cause of his condition is:
belief in a cultural double standard about women
Which theoretical orientation is MOST helpful in understanding in the origin of gender identity disorder?
biological
Which theory of conditioning has been used to help explain the origins of sexual masochism?
classical conditioning
Most clinicians agree with the _____ explanation of the origins of vaginismus.
cognitive-behavioral
While inflicting pain, perhaps unintentionally, on an animal or a person, a teenager may become sexually aroused and later turn out to be a sadist. The theory that BEST describes this example of the development of sadism is:
cognitive-behavioral
Compared with erectile disorder, early ejaculation is:
common among men of all ages
SSRIs successfully treat paraphilia, MOST likely because of paraphilia's similarity to:
compulsive-like disorders
If a therapist were seeing patients for treatment of low sexual desire, the therapist would be MOST likely to find which of the following disorders as well?
depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder
A man experiencing the process of erection and partial elevation of the testes is in which stage of sexual response?
desire
In females, the labia swells during which phase of the sexual response cycle?
desire
Exhibitionists engage in that behavior because they:
desire a shock reaction from their victim
"It's all right to have sex with children as long as they agree.' This is an example of the ____ often experienced by pedophiles.
distorted thinking
According to Masters and Johnson, the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle is more gradual and less sudden in women when they:
do not experience orgasm
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in either low or high levels?
estrogen
Erectile dysfunction occurs during the _____ phase of sexual arousal.
excitement
According to DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with children is:
experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual may be
Parents who want to decrease the likelihood that their young daughters will experience orgasmic disorder as adults should:
expose their daughters to positive attitudes about sex
When people with gender dysphoria take hormones, it is in an attempt to:
facilitate their living as the other gender
What problem did early behavioral therapists focus on when treating sexual dysfunction?
fear
Research has revealed that lack of orgasm can sometimes be linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
female inadequacies
If a woman had never experienced normal sexual functioning with her husband and had a problem with becoming aroused with him but found she could be aroused with other men, the type of dysfunction would be called:
lifelong and situational
Which of the following is a sociocultural cause for male erectile disorder?
loss of a job
Women with female sexual interest/arousal disorder have difficulty with:
maintaining proper lubrication
An otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity and has had very few sexual experiences in he past several years. This person MOST likely is experiencing:
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
For the past year, Ryan has had no interest in sex and, in turn, has engaged in very little sexual activity. He would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
In males, delay in achieving orgasm, or not achieving it even after adequate stimulation, is termed ______.
male orgasmic disorder
Which finding BEST argues against the idea that female orgasmic problems are due to society's message to women that they should deny their sexuality?
many women with arousal and orgasmic difficulties have a history of rape or child sexual molestation
Married women are more likely to be orgasmic when they have:
marital happiness and a current attraction to their partner's body
Autoerotic asphyxia is a fatal side effect associated with:
masochistic practice
Which statement about pedophiles is MOST supported by current research?
most pedophiles have at least one other psychological disorder
An orgasm is a release of sexual tension through:
muscle contraction
In sex therapy, _______ refers to the belief that both partners in a relationship share the sexual problem.
mutual responsibility
The idea that both partners share the accountability for sexual dysfunction is known as:
mutual responsibility
Delayed ejaculation appears MOST likely to be caused by disruptions in the ____ system.
neurological
Tania can masturbate or be manually stimulated to orgasm but cannot reach orgasm during sexual intercourse. She would be diagnosed with:
no sexual disorder
Some individuals experience a normal interest in sex but choose not to engage in sexual relations. Such people would be diagnosed with:
no sexual dysfunction
A clinician is evaluating a patient with erectile disorder. To determine whether physical factors are responsible for the condition, the clinician should measure:
nocturnal penile tumescence
Compared with researchers of past generations, modern researchers believe that clitoral orgasms are:
normal and healthy
Early ejaculation is defined as ejaculation within ______ minute(s) of beginning the activity and before the person wishes it.
one
Which hormone has NOT been linked to hypoactive sexual desires?
oxytocin
Vaginismus and dyspareunia are considered disorders of sexual:
pain
A person who becomes sexually aroused in the presence of stimuli most people in that person's society would not think appropriate is experiencing:
paraphilia
People with _____ have repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society deems inappropriate, and they may behave inappropriately as well.
paraphilias
Those MOST at risk of becoming a victim of a pedophile are:
prepubescent girls
Harrison, a 31-year-old man, is sexually aroused by wearing women's undergarments. He enjoys wearing a woman's thong when going out in public and likes to fantasize about wearing women's lingerie. Does Harrison meet the criteria for transvestic disorder?
probably not; there is no indication that Harrison is distressed by his fantasies or actions
The belief that people with voyeurism are seeking to gain power over others by their actions is a _____ perspective.
psychodynamic
If low levels of alcohol may enhance the sex drive by lowering a person's inhibition, high levels will:
reduce it
Ron and Dora are in sex therapy and are working on eliminating the spectator role. They will likely be advised to:
refrain from having intercourse and focus on other body pleasure instead
A cognitive-behavioral therapist would be MOST likely to use _____ to treat pedophilia.
relapse-prevention training
A technique used to treat pedophiles is to have them identify the situations that trigger pedophilic fantasies and then learn to avoid the situations or cope with them more efficiently. This technique is called:
relapse-prevention training
In Victorian times, a woman diagnosed as insane was presumed to have a dysfunction of her:
reproductive organs
If someone had a sexual dysfunction, we know that this person would NOT be having difficulty in which phase of the sexual response cycle?
resolution
Which phase of the human sexual response cycle is NOT affected by a sexual dysfunction?
resolution
A person who has paraphilia:
responds sexually to a socially inappropriate object or situation
The technique in which sexual partners use a graded set of sexual exercises to explore each other's body, but without engaging in intercourse or focusing on achieving orgasm, is called ____ focus.
sensate
As many as 90% of men with _____ experience some degree of erectile dysfunction.
severe depression
Which disorder primarily involves the inability to respond normally in key areas of sexual functioning, resulting in difficulty enjoying sexual intercourse?
sexual dysfuncttion
From a psychological perspective, early ejaculation is usually the result of:
sexual inexperience
Shawn cannot enjoy sexual intercourse unless he is tied up by his partner and beaten. His behavior is typical of:
sexual masochism
A person with ____ is repeatedly and intensely sexually aroused by the act of being humiliated, beaten, or made to suffer.
sexual masochism disorder
Ayesha decided to go to therapy two address her low sexual desire and limited sex life with her husband. She talks about Lotts of issues from her past. The event from her past that her therapist believes is most responsible for her low sexual desire is:
sexual molestation
A person who is sexually aroused by inflicting physical pain on others is probably a:
sexual sadist
Which finding would argue AGAINST the idea that low sexual desire in women is caused by societal treatment of women?
sexually restrictive history is equally common among with and without low sexual desire
The MOST common fetish is:
shoes
EMTs need to be sure to ask someone who is taking nitroglycerin if that person also has taken:
sildenafil
A woman is perfectly capable of masturbating to orgasm, yet she is unable to reach orgasm with a partner, either through sexual intercourse or through the partner's manual stimulation of her. MOST likely, this type of orgasmic disorder would be called:
situational
Normal penile erections are measured through a screen device called a(n)
snap gauge band
The fact that insurance companies in the United States generally covered Viagra but not birth control pills until required to do so by state law supports the idea that:
society sets different standards for sexually active men than for women
Lisa reports pain during intercourse. It is MOST likely caused by:
some physical condition
Who is MOST likely to receive gender-affirming surgery?
someone experiencing gender dysphoria
In treating erectile disorder, the tease technique involves:
stimulating the penis but stopping stimulation once erection occurs
A man's sexual partner repeatedly stimulates him to erection and then allows the erection to subside without the man experiencing ejaculation. The sexual technique is called the:
tease technique
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in low but not high levels?
testosterone
Which is NOT an example of a sociocultural cause of low sexual desire?
use of pain medication
Which is NOT a treatment for female orgasmic disorder?
use of the squeeze technique
A woman experiencing ______ has vaginal muscle spasms that prevent comfortable entry of a penis.
vaginismus
A woman who is inserting dilators into her vagina in a non demand manner is probably being treated for:
vaginismus
The biological cause of male erectile disorder is MOST frequently _____ problems.
vascular
If Dr. Henson is looking for a biological cause of an erectile disorder, she would MOST productively look for a:
vascular problem
What is the MOST common biological cause of erectile failure in men?
vascular problems