Theories of Personality: Erikson
The ritualism of_______ involves playing the role of a person that has all of the answers or "the unwise pretense of being wise."
Sapientism
According to Erikson, it is the individual's______ environment that determines if a crisis is resolved positively or negatively.
Social
Ego psychology
Stresses the autonomy of the ego.
According to Erikson, during the teenage years an individual must either develop an identity or experience role confusion. This important turning point is called
The identity crisis.
Erikson said a crisis is resolved positively when
The individual has more positive experiences than negative ones.
According to Erikson, who does not fear death?
The person who looks back on a rich, meaningful, and happy life
Erikson called the interval between youth and adulthood
The psychosocial moratorium
When Erikson asked boys and girls to create scenes with toy figures and blocks, what seemed, to Erikson, to be guiding their creations?
The sexual apparatus related to their gender
What did Caplan conclude about personality differences between males and females?
They are due exclusively to differences in socialization practices.
The ritualism of involves the unquestioning commitment to simplistic ideologies.
Totalism
Adolescents who accept the values of religious cults, musical groups, drug cultures, athletes, or delinquent gangs are displaying the ritualism of
Totalism.
The ritualization corresponding to the seventh stage of development (adulthood) is
Generationalism.
____________ is the concern with guiding the next generation.
Generativity
The crisis characterizing the seventh stage of development is
Generativity versus stagnation
Which of the following is the best example of a ritualism?
High school students going on a spring break trip
If the crisis characterizing the first stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ______ emerges
Hope
When a ritualization becomes an empty ceremony void of the power to bond individuals emotionally, it is referred to as a(n)
Ritualism
According to Erikson, it is_______ that prepare a child to live effectively within a particular culture.
Ritualizations
According to Erikson,_______are recurring patterns of behavior that perpetuate the beliefs, values, and customs of a culture.
Ritualizations
If the crisis characterizing the seventh stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of______ emerges.
Care
The epigenetic principle states that
Development occurs in accordance with a genetically determined plan
The ritualization characterizing the third stage of development (preschool age) is
Authenticity.
The ritualism corresponding to the seventh stage of development (adulthood) is
Authoritism
The crisis characterizing the second stage of development is
Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
The crisis characterizing the first stage of development is
Basic trust versus basic mistrust.
If the crisis characterizing the fourth stage of development is negatively resolved, the person develops
A sense of inferiority
Which of the following is the best example of a ritualization?
A wedding
Which of the following did Erikson believe about personality development?
A) All stages of personality are present in rudimentary form at birth. B) Each stage of personality development builds on the outcomes of preceding stages. C) The stages of personality development follow a genetically determined sequence. D) all of the above Answer: D
Erikson's theory has been criticized for
A) being difficult to test empirically. B) excessive moralizing. C) supporting the status quo. D) all of the above Answer: D
Caplan disagreed with Erikson's contention that "inner space" partially determines female characteristics because
A) females do not have an inner space. B) her own research did not confirm Erikson's claim that there are sex differences in the play constructions of children.
In his therapeutic practice, Erikson
A) minimized dream analysis. B) had his patients sit across from him in an easy chair. C) concentrated on strengthening the patient's ego. D) all of the above Answer: D
Erikson found that scenes created by girls
A) typically had elaborate entrances. B) tended to be static and peaceful. C) were often penetrated by animals or dangerous men. D) all of the above Answer: D
Erikson's theory has been praised for
A) vastly expanding psychology's domain. B) helping to develop ego psychology. C) having considerable applied value. D) all of the above Answer: D
Erikson found that scenes created by boys
A) were dynamic B) often had high towers or cannons. C) often had high walls. D) all of the above Answer: D
The wedding ceremony exemplifies
Affiliation.
By the term "crisis" Erikson means
An important turning point
The first shift from Freud's position concerning the function of the ego came from
Anna Freud
If the crisis characterizing the fourth stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ________ emerges.
Competence
Each stage of development is characterized by an important turning point that Erikson called a(n)
Crisis
During its______ phase, a crisis is the focal point of development.
Critical
In order for personality to develop normally each crisis must be resolved positively in the stage of development in which the crisis is
Critical
Dream analysis was used by Erikson to
Determine the strength of the dreamer's ego.
The crisis characterizing the eighth stage of development is
Ego integrity versus despair
Snobbery and allegiance to exclusive clubs exemplify the ritualism of
Elitism
If the crisis characterizing the fifth stage of development is resolved positively, the virtue of _________ emerges.
Fidelity
___________ is the ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged in spite of the inevitable contradictions of value systems.
Fidelity
Erikson believed that the stage of______development represents the transitional period between childhood and adulthood.
Fifth
According to Erikson, the ritualism of_______ is demonstrated when there is over-concern with the technique involved in doing a task and a blindness to the task's purpose or meaning.
Formalism
During which stage of development does the individual learn the technological skills that will allow him or her to become a productive member of the community?
Fourth
Concerning his views on religion, Erikson disagreed most with
Freud
The crisis characterizing the fifth stage of development is
Identity versus role confusion
According to Erikson, the ritualization of furnishes the adolescent with a "game-plan" for life.
Ideology
If during the first stage of development the child's reverence and respect for the mother become exaggerated, the ritualism of results.
Idolism
If during the third stage of development (preschool age) the child confuses his or her true self with a role he or she is playing, he or she is displaying the ritualism of
Impersonation.
The crisis characterizing the fourth stage of development is
Industry versus inferiority.
The crisis characterizing the third stage of development is
Initiative versus guilt
The ritualization of_____ puts life and death into perspective.
Integralism
_______ is the final unification of previous ritualizations
Integralism
The crisis characterizing the sixth stage of development is
Intimacy versus isolation
If the crisis characterizing the sixth stage of development is negatively resolved,______ results.
Isolation
The ritualization characterizing the second stage of development (early childhood) is _____, whereas the ritualism that could develop during this stage is ______.
Judiciousness; legalism
The ritualism of______ represents the victory of the letter of the law over the spirit of the law.
Legalism
If the crisis characterizing the sixth stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ______ emerges.
Love
___________ are all those things that a child is warned not to become
Negative identities
For Erikson, a major function of religion is to
Provide people with a world image that is conducive to trust, hope, and faith.
Erikson has utilized his theory to analyze a number of historical figures. This method of analysis is called
Psychohistory.
Erikson referred to the stages of development as
Psychosocial
If the crisis characterizing the third stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ______ emerges.
Purpose
According to Erikson, it is the______ of positive and negative experiences that determines if a crisis is resolved positively.
Ratio
Erikson said that when the crisis characterizing a psychosocial stage is positively resolved, a emerges in one's personality
Virtue
Concerning ritualizations, Erikson said
We are typically more aware of those operating within other cultures than those operating within our own culture.
If the crisis characterizing the second stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of _____ emerges.
Will
If the crisis characterizing the eighth stage of development is resolved positively, the virtue of _______ emerges.
Wisdom
According to Erikson, personality is determined by
gender and culture
Erikson concluded that scenes created by children were outward manifestations of their
genitals