Theories of Personality: Erikson

The ritualism of_______ involves playing the role of a person that has all of the answers or "the unwise pretense of being wise."

Sapientism

According to Erikson, it is the individual's______ environment that determines if a crisis is resolved positively or negatively.

Social

Ego psychology

Stresses the autonomy of the ego.

According to Erikson, during the teenage years an individual must either develop an identity or experience role confusion. This important turning point is called

The identity crisis.

Erikson said a crisis is resolved positively when

The individual has more positive experiences than negative ones.

According to Erikson, who does not fear death?

The person who looks back on a rich, meaningful, and happy life

Erikson called the interval between youth and adulthood

The psychosocial moratorium

When Erikson asked boys and girls to create scenes with toy figures and blocks, what seemed, to Erikson, to be guiding their creations?

The sexual apparatus related to their gender

What did Caplan conclude about personality differences between males and females?

They are due exclusively to differences in socialization practices.

The ritualism of involves the unquestioning commitment to simplistic ideologies.

Totalism

Adolescents who accept the values of religious cults, musical groups, drug cultures, athletes, or delinquent gangs are displaying the ritualism of

Totalism.

The ritualization corresponding to the seventh stage of development (adulthood) is

Generationalism.

____________ is the concern with guiding the next generation.

Generativity

The crisis characterizing the seventh stage of development is

Generativity versus stagnation

Which of the following is the best example of a ritualism?

High school students going on a spring break trip

If the crisis characterizing the first stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ______ emerges

Hope

When a ritualization becomes an empty ceremony void of the power to bond individuals emotionally, it is referred to as a(n)

Ritualism

According to Erikson, it is_______ that prepare a child to live effectively within a particular culture.

Ritualizations

According to Erikson,_______are recurring patterns of behavior that perpetuate the beliefs, values, and customs of a culture.

Ritualizations

If the crisis characterizing the seventh stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of______ emerges.

Care

The epigenetic principle states that

Development occurs in accordance with a genetically determined plan

The ritualization characterizing the third stage of development (preschool age) is

Authenticity.

The ritualism corresponding to the seventh stage of development (adulthood) is

Authoritism

The crisis characterizing the second stage of development is

Autonomy versus shame and doubt.

The crisis characterizing the first stage of development is

Basic trust versus basic mistrust.

If the crisis characterizing the fourth stage of development is negatively resolved, the person develops

A sense of inferiority

Which of the following is the best example of a ritualization?

A wedding

Which of the following did Erikson believe about personality development?

A) All stages of personality are present in rudimentary form at birth. B) Each stage of personality development builds on the outcomes of preceding stages. C) The stages of personality development follow a genetically determined sequence. D) all of the above Answer: D

Erikson's theory has been criticized for

A) being difficult to test empirically. B) excessive moralizing. C) supporting the status quo. D) all of the above Answer: D

Caplan disagreed with Erikson's contention that "inner space" partially determines female characteristics because

A) females do not have an inner space. B) her own research did not confirm Erikson's claim that there are sex differences in the play constructions of children.

In his therapeutic practice, Erikson

A) minimized dream analysis. B) had his patients sit across from him in an easy chair. C) concentrated on strengthening the patient's ego. D) all of the above Answer: D

Erikson found that scenes created by girls

A) typically had elaborate entrances. B) tended to be static and peaceful. C) were often penetrated by animals or dangerous men. D) all of the above Answer: D

Erikson's theory has been praised for

A) vastly expanding psychology's domain. B) helping to develop ego psychology. C) having considerable applied value. D) all of the above Answer: D

Erikson found that scenes created by boys

A) were dynamic B) often had high towers or cannons. C) often had high walls. D) all of the above Answer: D

The wedding ceremony exemplifies

Affiliation.

By the term "crisis" Erikson means

An important turning point

The first shift from Freud's position concerning the function of the ego came from

Anna Freud

If the crisis characterizing the fourth stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ________ emerges.

Competence

Each stage of development is characterized by an important turning point that Erikson called a(n)

Crisis

During its______ phase, a crisis is the focal point of development.

Critical

In order for personality to develop normally each crisis must be resolved positively in the stage of development in which the crisis is

Critical

Dream analysis was used by Erikson to

Determine the strength of the dreamer's ego.

The crisis characterizing the eighth stage of development is

Ego integrity versus despair

Snobbery and allegiance to exclusive clubs exemplify the ritualism of

Elitism

If the crisis characterizing the fifth stage of development is resolved positively, the virtue of _________ emerges.

Fidelity

___________ is the ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged in spite of the inevitable contradictions of value systems.

Fidelity

Erikson believed that the stage of______development represents the transitional period between childhood and adulthood.

Fifth

According to Erikson, the ritualism of_______ is demonstrated when there is over-concern with the technique involved in doing a task and a blindness to the task's purpose or meaning.

Formalism

During which stage of development does the individual learn the technological skills that will allow him or her to become a productive member of the community?

Fourth

Concerning his views on religion, Erikson disagreed most with

Freud

The crisis characterizing the fifth stage of development is

Identity versus role confusion

According to Erikson, the ritualization of furnishes the adolescent with a "game-plan" for life.

Ideology

If during the first stage of development the child's reverence and respect for the mother become exaggerated, the ritualism of results.

Idolism

If during the third stage of development (preschool age) the child confuses his or her true self with a role he or she is playing, he or she is displaying the ritualism of

Impersonation.

The crisis characterizing the fourth stage of development is

Industry versus inferiority.

The crisis characterizing the third stage of development is

Initiative versus guilt

The ritualization of_____ puts life and death into perspective.

Integralism

_______ is the final unification of previous ritualizations

Integralism

The crisis characterizing the sixth stage of development is

Intimacy versus isolation

If the crisis characterizing the sixth stage of development is negatively resolved,______ results.

Isolation

The ritualization characterizing the second stage of development (early childhood) is _____, whereas the ritualism that could develop during this stage is ______.

Judiciousness; legalism

The ritualism of______ represents the victory of the letter of the law over the spirit of the law.

Legalism

If the crisis characterizing the sixth stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ______ emerges.

Love

___________ are all those things that a child is warned not to become

Negative identities

For Erikson, a major function of religion is to

Provide people with a world image that is conducive to trust, hope, and faith.

Erikson has utilized his theory to analyze a number of historical figures. This method of analysis is called

Psychohistory.

Erikson referred to the stages of development as

Psychosocial

If the crisis characterizing the third stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of ______ emerges.

Purpose

According to Erikson, it is the______ of positive and negative experiences that determines if a crisis is resolved positively.

Ratio

Erikson said that when the crisis characterizing a psychosocial stage is positively resolved, a emerges in one's personality

Virtue

Concerning ritualizations, Erikson said

We are typically more aware of those operating within other cultures than those operating within our own culture.

If the crisis characterizing the second stage of development is positively resolved, the virtue of _____ emerges.

Will

If the crisis characterizing the eighth stage of development is resolved positively, the virtue of _______ emerges.

Wisdom

According to Erikson, personality is determined by

gender and culture

Erikson concluded that scenes created by children were outward manifestations of their

genitals