Abnormal Psych--Ch. 5, 6, 11

Each year, close to _____ percent of all people in the United States have the symptoms of a specific phobia.

12%

Approximately _____ percent of people suffer from panic disorder.

2.4

Around _____ percent of women who are exposed to a serious trauma may develop a stress disorder, compared with _____ percent of men.

20; 8

Worldwide, _____ percent of students report periodic binge eating or self-induced vomiting.

25-50

Women receive the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder at least _____ times as often as men.

3

In any given year, African Americans are _____ percent more likely than white Americans to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.

30%

Surveys indicate that around _____ percent of individuals with panic disorder in the United States are currently in treatment

33%

Surveys suggest that around _____ percent of the U.S. population has symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in any given year.

4%

Studies have shown that as many as _____ percent of victims of serious traffic accidents may develop PTSD within a year of the accident.

40

What percent of agoraphobic patients who receive exposure treatment find it easier to enter public places?

60-80%

In a number of international studies, _____ percent of participants given cognitive treatments have been found to be free of panic.

80%

Which group is MOST often the victim of rape?

American Indian

Julie was MOST likely prescribed which benzodiazepine for her generalized anxiety disorder.

Ativan

_____theory suggests that people with generalized anxiety disorder have a greater bodily arousal than other people and that worrying actually serves to reduce this arousal, perhaps by distracting the individuals from their unpleasant physical feelings.

Avoidance

Carol's therapist used hypnosis, regression therapy, and dream interpretation to help her recover traumatic memories of childhood sexual abuse. She was able to recall incidents of abuse with vivid detail including the sights, smells, and sounds in her environment as the abuse occurred. Critics of the repressed memory concept would maintain all of these EXCEPT:

Carol purposefully formed false memories.

This type of therapy has been found as least as helpful as medication for panic disorder.

Cognitive

____ is the sense that one's own mental functioning or body are unreal or detached.

Depersonalization

_____ is the sense that one's surroundings are unreal or detached.

Derealization

_____ may be localized, selective, generalized, or continuous.

Dissociative amnesia

People with _____ disorder experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Dante almost got hit by a car while he was in the pedestrian crosswalk. His heart rate quickened and chemicals were released into his bloodstream so that he could mobilize his large muscles and quickly vacate the crosswalk. Which systems were involved in allowing him to accomplish this response?

HPA and SNS

Which diet program is the ONLY one that has been shown by scientific research to result in both immediate and sustained weight loss?

None. Zero. Zip.

Which statement BEST describes current thinking about treatment for binge eating disorder?

Relatively little is known about the aftermath of this disorder.

Timothy was frightened by a loud noise and wet his pants. This response is BEST explained by the fact that a relaxed bladder is a consequence of _____ activation.

SNS

Which statement BEST reflects why some people have unusually strong biochemical reactions to stress?

The propensity to react in this manner is inherited.

Which is NOT a similarity that those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa share?

They are both sexually experienced.

According to the sociocultural model, who is MOST likely to develop generalized anxiety disorder?

Verna, who lives with her two children in post-earthquake Haiti

Who is more worried about pleasing others and being attractive to others?

a person with bulimia nervosa

Leni is terrified of clowns to the extent that even when she thinks about them, it makes her nervous and agitated. Leni will go to great lengths to avoid clowns. Leni MOST likely would be diagnosed with:

a phobia.

Sarah was the victim of an assault two weeks ago. She has been experiencing nightmares, flashbacks, cannot go out by herself, and has not been sleeping well. Her MOST likely diagnosis is _____ stress disorder.

acute

Eduardo was driving home from work when he approached a traffic jam that came to a standstill on a bridge. The traffic did not move, and he began to feel anxious that he could not escape the traffic or the bridge. Last week, he experienced something similar when he was in a long line at a discount store. He now has developed an extreme fear of leaving home to risk facing one of these "inescapable" situations. Eduardo is MOST likely suffering from:

agoraphobia.

Louise is in the hospital, where she has been admitted against her own will. She is being force fed through intravenous tubes in an attempt to get nutrients into her body. Louise is probably suffering from:

anorexia nervosa.

Shontae was diagnosed with PTSD following her return from a tour in Afghanistan. Due to her repeated nightmares and flashbacks and bouts of depression, her psychiatrist would likely prescribe:

antidepressant medication.

Lisa lost her job two years ago and has had trouble finding employment and supporting her family. For the past six months, she and her children have lived in homeless shelters. She recently found out that her mother had passed away and on her most recent visit to the doctor she found out that she has cancer. Because of the number of stressful events she has encountered, she is particularly vulnerable to this type of disorder.

anxiety

Social anxiety disorder is no longer referred to as "social phobia" because social:

anxiety is a better indicator of the disorder's wide-ranging scope of application.

The reason individuals do not have to make themselves breathe is due to the functioning of this system.

autonomic nervous

Gerald was severely abused as a child. He often would let his mind drift to distract himself from thoughts of his abuse. He found temporary relief whenever he would think about these other subjects and the momentary forgetting would result in him feeling less anxious, increasing the likelihood that forgetting would occur again. This is a view espoused by the perspective of _____.

behaviorists

A person with which condition displays many of the behaviors of bulimia nervosa, but does not engage in compensatory behaviors?

binge eating disorder

Which eating disorder is found in equal numbers of males and females?

binge eating disorder

Many theorists believe that people whose _____ reactions to stress are unusually strong are more likely than others to develop acute and post-traumatic stress disorders.

biochemical

Elvyra suffers from generalized anxiety disorder. Her therapist has prescribed Ativan, and has taught her to achieve deep muscle relaxation. Elvyra has also used an electromyograph for biofeedback. Elvyra's therapist's techniques are rooted in the_____ theoretical perspective.

biological

Which eating disorder is MOST likely to be helped with the prescribing of antidepressant medications?

bulimia nervosa

Walda is a sociocultural theorist, so she does NOT believe that _____ is a factor in generalized anxiety disorder.

childhood spanking

Behaviorists propose _____ as a common way of acquiring phobic reactions.

classical conditioning

In his classic experiment, John B. Watson paired a rat with a loud noise to induce a fear response in a little boy. Eventually, after pairing the rat and the noise together often enough, the little boy only had to see the rat to become fearful. This is an example of how _____ can potentially cause a phobia.

classical conditioning

Keona holds unrealistically high standards about herself and her ability to speak in public. She constantly judges herself as poorer than she really is, and as a result, she either makes excuses not to speak in public or flatly refuses to do so. Which theory best supports Keona's diagnosis of social anxiety disorder?

cognitive

Natasha has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Her therapist has been working with her to educate her about the role of worrying. Natasha is trying to understand what triggers her worrying and how worrying is a bad way to control her life. Natasha's therapist's techniques are rooted in which theoretical perspective?

cognitive

Zulfa thinks about the cleanliness of her face, and compulsively washes her face many times a day. Her therapist has diagnosed her with obsessive-compulsive disorder. He has begun to educate Zulfa about the ways in which her unwanted thoughts about cleanliness and her compulsions to wash her face are counterproductive. Zulfa is now trying to identify, challenge, and change her obsessions and compulsions. Her therapist's strategies are rooted in the_____ perspective.

cognitive

Ten-year old Caden encounters a vicious dog that begins growling at him. Which are NOT among the physiological responses that one might expect to occur inside Caden's body?

constriction of bronchi

A twenty-nine year old woman witnessed a murder while she was away on a study abroad trip. She forgets new and ongoing experiences as well as what happened before and after witnessing the tragic event. The type of amnesia she has is:

continuous.

Cortisol belongs to a class of stress hormones called:

corticosteroids.

A tornado hit the small town of Idabel, Oklahoma. Many homes were destroyed and the residents experienced a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and physical responses to the natural disaster. One would expect that their HPA system would signal their adrenal cortex to release this hormone.

cortisol

Researchers have found abnormal activity in the hormone _____ and the neurotransmitter _____ in the urine, blood, and saliva of survivors of severe stresses.

cortisol; norepinephrine

What disorder includes the feeling that people have become separated from their body and are observing themselves from the outside?

depersonalization-derealization disorder

The MOST common theme that runs through the thoughts of people troubled by obsessive thinking appears to be:

dirt or contamination

Zelda has started seeing a therapist to help her cope with the death of her husband. When asked to recall his passing, she can remember the terrible car accident that took his life, but she can't remember preparing for the funeral or the funeral itself. Given this information, it is likely that Zelda is suffering from:

dissociative amnesia.

Jasper occasionally has episodes where he feels his mind is floating a few feet above him. This sensation is known as:

doubling.

Malachi was diagnosed with PTSD and persistently has intrusive thoughts and severe anxiety. Biological studies would suggest that this is due to:

dysfunctional hippocampus and amygdala.

In mutually cognizant relationships:

each subpersonality is well aware of the rest.

Unlike the other eating disorders, binge eating disorder does NOT necessarily begin with:

efforts at extreme dieting.

Janie began having panic attacks after her divorce. Her response is BEST understood as:

emotional.

Jon was robbed at gunpoint. Which system released hormones into his bloodstream and on to the various organs in his body?

endocrine system

In the psychodynamic view, dissociative identity disorder is thought to result from a lifetime of:

excessive repression

People who were arrested at gunpoint and interrogated by police after being shot at and terrorized by extremists for three days have a higher risk of developing PTSD due to multilayered traumas, which means the people:

experienced multiple traumatic events in close proximity.

Carson was hiking through Yosemite National Park when he rounded a corner and found a big black bear. Which of the following would be an appropriate response?

fear

Dr. Coogler has her patients imagine a stressful event in great detail until the anxiety brought on by the event has stopped. This form of exposure therapy is called:

flooding

In his classic experiment, John B. Watson paired a rat with a loud noise to induce a fear response in a little boy. Eventually, after pairing the rat and the noise together often enough, the little boy only had to see the rat to become fearful. However, the little boy began to have a fear response to things other than just the rat, particularly if the other object was a similar shape or color. This is because the little boy:

generalized his response.

Ivy has dissociative amnesia and cannot recall personal events extending back to times long before the upsetting period that caused the amnesia. The form of dissociative amnesia that she has is:

generalized.

An individual working in the World Trade Center is rescued by a first responder during the terroristic attack on the U.S. that occurred September 11, 2001 (9-11). The first responder dies in the process of helping the individual. Which symptom of PTSD would be common for the individual to experience as a result of surviving?

guilt

Fadil has been visiting a therapist for the treatment of his generalized anxiety disorder. Fadil realizes that his anxiety may stem in part from the fact that he is too self-judgmental. He is not sure if the therapy is affecting his anxiety, but he does feel that his therapist genuinely cares about him and his recovery. His therapist's techniques are MOST likely rooted in the_____ perspective.

humanistic

Jewel is often critical of herself and her ability to perform even the most basic tasks. She has tried to change her negative views about herself but self-deprecating thoughts always seem to breakthrough and her anxiety increases no matter the situation. Jewel's therapist believes that this is the root of her generalized anxiety disorder. Jewel's therapist is MOST likely following the_____ perspective.

humanistic

The _____ is the part of the brain that regulates many bodily functions, and it has been identified as a possible contributor to the development of eating disorders.

hypothalamus

The features of arousal and fear are set in motion by the brain area called the:

hypothalamus

In the DSM-5, each of the following has been assigned as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder EXCEPT _____ disorder.

impulse-control

Therapists believe that social anxiety disorder has two key features: sufferers have overwhelming social fears, and they:

lack skill at beginning conversation, communicating their needs, or meeting the needs of others.

Britta has recently been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, and she is seeing a therapist to start the process of recovery. As the therapist does his initial assessment, he notices that Britta has developed _____, which is fine, silky hair that is covering her arms.

lanugo

Persons with OCD tend to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

lower rates of depression than other people

Dr. Bloom uses drugs and exposure techniques with his combat veterans coping with PTSD, but uses insight-oriented approaches with his patients who are survivors of rape. His treatment approaches highlight how today's treatment procedures:

may vary from trauma to trauma.

Dr. Napolitano is petting a cat in front of her client Marian, who is afraid of cats. He then encourages Marian to pet the cat as well. This is known as:

modeling.

Omar's fight-or-flight system was activated when he had a public speaking engagement. This occurrence highlights the fact that the danger the system prepares one for is based upon:

perceived threats.

When we are faced with stressors, the hypothalamus also signals the _____ gland.

pituitary gland

Caden suffers from dissociative identity disorder. He has three personalities: Mike, who enjoys football; Steve, who enjoys ballet; and Jeremy who enjoys business. Although critics of this disorder would characterize Caden as having many interests, the gaps in his memory would suggest that his subpersonalities differ in _____.

preferences

Christine, who has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. She has a subpersonality who is a young boy, another who plays the piano, and one who has hypertension. Which characteristic is NOT a difference found among her subpersonalities?

preferences

Matika is a therapist who is treating a client with generalized anxiety disorder. She believes that her client's anxiety stems from overprotective parents. During their therapy sessions, Matika uses methods such as free association and dream analysis. Matika's beliefs and strategies for generalized anxiety disorder stem from the_____ perspective.

psychodynamic

According to the psychodynamic perspective, id impulses are_____, and ego defenses are_____.

related to obsessions; related to compulsions

Individuals who suffer from anorexia nervosa often grapple with other psychological difficulties as well. Which psychological disorder is NOT one that has been found in those with anorexia nervosa?

schizophrenia

Jim, who has been diagnosed with PTSD, has problems dating due to his inability to emotionally connect with others since returning from his service in Afghanistan. His problems reflect the impact of PTSD on which area of functioning?

social

Fozia was first diagnosed with social phobia several years ago. She visited a therapist because of her extreme anxiety about speaking in front of other students in her classes. The DSM-5 made changes to terminology, so Fozia's diagnosis now is referred to as:

social anxiety disorder.

Helga is participating in a therapy session in which she is role-playing and rehearsing desirable behaviors that she can perform when dealing with other people. Helga is engaging in _____ training.

social skills

Margo is a psychological theorist who is conducting research with low-income people who have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. She has found that anxiety problems in this group of people are related to problems related to poverty and poor job and educational opportunities. Margo's findings support the_____ perspective.

sociocultural

Akeeyla finds flying relaxing and it is her preferred method of travel, while her brother finds it terrifying and has never flown on a plane. Akeeyla and her brother differ in:

state anxiety.

Individuals who are hypersensitive to stressful events and react to mild stressors with increased fear may have an overactive ____ nervous system.

sympathetic

Terri was raped when she was out jogging one night. Although this happened two years ago, she is hypervigilant and is reluctant to leave home. This demonstrates how stress reactions to extraordinary trauma can cause:

symptoms that linger.

This is one route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear.

the HPA pathway

Many women with anorexia nervosa develop amenorrhea, which is:

the absence of a menstrual cycle.

This is the network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system to all the other organs of the body.

the autonomic nervous system

This is the system of glands located throughout the body that help control important activities such as growth and sexual activity.

the endocrine system

These are the nerve fibers that slow organ functioning after stimulation and return other bodily processes to normal.

the parasympathetic nervous system

Raymond typically is laid-back and relaxed, while Richard is usually tense and anxious even when there is no apparent threat. These individual differences are MOST attributable to differences in:

trait anxiety.

A "weight thermostat" that is responsible for keeping an individual at a particular weight level is called:

weight set point.