Abnormal Psych Exam 2

What kind of clinician would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about any early losses you experienced," to a client?

psychodynamic clinician

What percentage of all adults experience an episode of severe depression at some point in their lives?

20 percent

A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. His symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, these symptoms must be present for at least how many months?

6 months

Parasites are examples of:

antigens.

What produces antibodies?

B-cells

are equally helpful in the treatment of high blood pressure, headaches, and asthma.

Relaxation training and biofeedback training

The psychodynamic theory of depression based on the notion that a set of unconscious processes become engaged when a person experiences a loss was developed by:

Sigmund Freud and Karl Abraham.

What does the client do when the modeling approach is used to treat a phobia?

The client observes the therapist confronting the feared object.

Who developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe

People with _____ are thought to be more relaxed, less aggressive, and less concerned about time. conversion disorder

Type B personality style

Which statement BEST reflects the gender differences seen in unipolar depression?

Women are at least twice as likely as men to have unipolar depression, but prevalence among boys and girls is similar.

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with an ulcer?

a burning sensation in the stomach

Family pedigree, twin, and gene studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression. These studies have found:

a higher than chance rate of depression among the families of depressed patients.

The statement that men and women are equally prone to depression, but clinicians often fail to detect depressive symptoms in men, reflects the _____ theory.

artifact

A compulsion to keep placing certain items (such as clothing, books, or foods) in perfect order in accordance with strict rules is a:

balance compulsion.

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _____ symptoms of mania.

behavioral

Mood-stabilizing drugs have been found to increase the production of:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the _____ technique.

covert

Which is NOT a common focus of psychotherapy, as part of adjunctive therapy, for bipolar disorder?

challenging clients' automatic thoughts

When a person is under stress, the HPA pathway releases:

cortisol.

Which assumption is shared by both the cognitive-behavioral perspective and the family-social perspective regarding the roots of depression?

depression as a product of the social rewards a person receives from others

In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:

divorced people.

In one study, patients with asthma and arthritis who wrote down their thoughts and feelings about stressful events for a handful of days showed lasting improvements in their conditions. This is an example of the effectiveness of:

emotion expression.

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and that they were not to vacuum for a week would be receiving which type of therapy?

exposure and response prevention

The BEST example of malingering is a person who:

feigns an illness to achieve some external gain, such as financial compensation.

By regressing to the oral stage of development, mourners merge their identity with that of the person they lost, thereby symbolically regaining the person they lost. This statement defines the psychodynamic concept of:

introjection.

Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:

increase serotonin activity in the brain.

Difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep is called:

insomnia.

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent and perform flawlessly in all possible aspects of life is displaying:

irrational assumptions.

An individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy usually:

is emotionally needy.

You are a therapist using self-instruction training. Your client repeatedly tells you, "I can't take the pain. It is just too much." This is an example of a:

negative self-statement.

According to Aaron Beck, what are central to the development of unipolar depression?

negative thoughts

Which is an anxiety disorder?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and afraid of dying. Assuming this event is not a heart attack, but rather an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely a:

panic attack.

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

panic disorder.

Nicholas has an intense fear of dogs that won't go away. He avoids looking at pictures of dogs, and sometimes he can't even leave the house when neighbors are walking their dogs. This kind of fear would be classified as which kind of disorder?

phobic disorder

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to things such as spiders and the dark than they do to objects such as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:

preparedness.

Therapists who take a reinforcement approach while treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on:

reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder.

Most second-generation antidepressants are:

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Which disorder is characterized by severe, persistent, and irrational anxiety about social or performance situations in which the person may face scrutiny by others and possibly feel embarrassment?

social anxiety disorder

Abnormalities that are thought to have both biological and psychological causes are diagnosed as:

somatic symptom disorder.

Topher often goes to urgent care for a wide variety of physical symptoms. However, no matter what his symptoms are, the healthcare providers never observe physical evidence that explains why the symptoms occur. Topher likely has a:

somatic symptom disorder.

All the following are part of Beck's theory of depression EXCEPT:

symbolic loss.

Which explanation of phobias states the belief that human beings, as a species, have a predisposition to develop certain fears?

the behavioral-evolutionary explanation

"It's obvious that the patient observed friends who had symptoms of illness, then imitated those symptoms to get attention," says the therapist. This therapist MOST likely has which theoretical perspective?

the cognitive-behavioral perspective

As part of desensitization training, a phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention to confront snakes. This is an example of what kind of technique?

the in vivo technique

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that Westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression than do others around the world?

the sociocultural theoretical orientation

A stimulating current is sent through a patient's prefrontal cortex in:

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations. This is an example of the _____ technique.

virtual reality

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors?

when they interfere with daily function and cause distress