Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 10

What is the single most powerful contributor to dieting and the development of eating disorders?

body dissatisfaction

Sometimes, Edna vomits her meal soon after she eats. At other times, she takes an excessive amount of diuretics and laxatives. Edna MOST likely suffers from _____ anorexia nervosa.

binge-eating/purging-type

Selma has an eating disorder that is best characterized by the cycle of bingeing and then purging. Selma is suffering from:

bulimia nervosa

Which eating disorder is MOST likely to be helped by the prescription of antidepressant medications?

bulimia nervosa

List things someone with anorexia is likely to experience.

- anxiety - depression - insomnia

About half of those who have suffered from anorexia nervosa continue to battle certain emotional problems for years after they receive treatment. List these emotions.

- anger - obsessiveness - depression

What is the lifetime duration for bulimia nervosa?

14 years

_____% of reported cases of anorexia nervosa occur in females.

75

Niles, a 22-year-old college student and a member of the school wrestling team, occasionally makes himself vomit after a meal, in order to remain in his preferred weight class. He has been doing this for six months. Would a therapist classify Niles as having bulimia nervosa?

No, because Nile's actions do not stem from inappropriate self-appraisal

According to the text, there are two goals in treating eating disorders. The first is to correct the dangerous eating pattern as quickly as possible and the second is to:

address the broader psychological and situational factors that had led to and maintain the eating problem

Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have a similar pattern of development; both disorders typically begin:

after a period of dieting by people who are fearful of becoming obese

Anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which an individual intentionally takes in to little nourishment which results in a body weight that is very low and below that of their peers; places inappropriate emphasis on weight or shape

Both Devon and Marissa are concerned about their weight. Devon has begun restricting her diet, only eating one small meal a day. Marissa, on the other hand, eats several meals a day; however, she sometimes will binge and then exercise obsessively and purge. Devon MOST likely has _____ nervosa, while Marissa MOST likely has _____.

anorexia; bulimia nervosa

How long must symptoms occur for it to be considered bulimia nervosa?

at least weekly for a period of three months

Both Erica and Fanny have eating disorders. Both girls tend to eat rapidly, eat large amounts without physical hunger, and eat alone because of embarrassment. Erica follows her eating binges by inducing vomiting, whereas Fanny does not. Fanny MOST likely suffers from:

binge-eating disorder

A therapist has worked with a patient of anorexia nervosa to identify her "core pathology." As part of that, the patient must identify maladaptive assumptions in order to challenge and to change them. The therapist is MOST likely using a:

cognitive-behavioral approach

Drug therapy seems to work best in treating eating disorders when combined with other forms of therapy, particularly:

cognitive-behavioral therapy

What kinds of treatments allow for achieving lasting changes?

cognitive-behavioral therapy which has several approaches including: - identification of core pathology and alternative stress and problem solving strategies - monitoring ties between feelings, hunger levels, and food intake - changing attitudes about weight and eating, need for independence and control mechanisms

At a recent multidisciplinary psychology conference, a leading researcher spoke on using the multidimensional risk perspective to explain eating disorders, identifying _____ such as ineffective parenting and _____ factors such as ego deficiency.

cognitive-behavioral; psychodynamic

According to the text, there are two goals in treating eating disorders. The first is to:

correct the dangerous eating pattern as quickly as possible

What is the single factor that helps set the stage for eating disorders?

depression

Hannah has never really gotten along with her mother. This may be one reason that she has never developed an adequate sense of control and independence. According to Hilde Bruch, this would be an example of:

ego deficiencies

In addition to perceptual disturbances that help produce disordered eating, Hilde Bruch identified _____ as contributing to eating disorders.

ego deficiencies

What does the psychodynamic factor contribute to the reason why people develop eating disorders?

ego deficiencies; children of ineffective parents become confused adults who are unaware of their internal needs

Persephone comes from a family in which everyone is overly involved in the lives of the others. Although everyone is affectionate and loyal, they tend to cling to each other. As a teen, she feels that her desire for independence is somehow harming the family's sense of closeness and harmony. Her family displays an _____ family pattern.

enmeshed

People with anorexia nervosa are often preoccupied with _____, and this preoccupation is often the _____ of their food deprivation.

food; result

Veronica suffers from bulimia nervosa. Before a binge episode, Veronica MOST likely feels a sense of:

great tension

Although purging after bingeing relieves the immediate sensation of fullness, it also affects one's ability to feel satiated. This often causes:

greater hunger and more frequent intense binges

Willow suffers from bulimia nervosa. After a binge episode, she tends to feel a sense of:

shame

In addition to repeated episodes of bingeing, followed by compensatory behaviors lasting three months, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) also requires _____ to qualify for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.

inappropriate influence of weight and shape on appraisal of oneself

Binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa

individuals attempt to lose weight by forcing themselves to vomit after meals, by misusing laxatives and diuretics, and by engaging in excessive exercise

Zahara is receiving treatment for bulimia nervosa. She is currently working with her therapist to improve her social skills. Zahara is engaged in:

interpersonal psychotherapy

_____ is a treatment that seeks to improve relationships.

interpersonal psychotherapy

Restricting type of anorexia nervosa

loses weight by cutting out sweets and fattening snacks, eventually eliminating almost all foods; no variability in diet

Most of today's theorists and researchers use a _____ to explain eating disorders, identifying several key factors that place a person at risk for these disorders.

multidimensional risk perspective

At least half of those with anorexia nervosa reduce their weight by:

restricting their intake of food

Repeatedly vomiting after bingeing will affect one's ability to feel _____; this causes greater hunger.

satiated

What does the cognitive-behavioral view contribute to the cause of eating disorders?

several factors, such as improper labeling of internal sensations and needs; little control over life may result in excess control of body size

Layla suffers from anorexia nervosa. She may suffer from _____, as well as medical problems and depression.

substance abuse

According to the text, a variety of techniques are used in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, but if just one form of therapy is used, _____ is most effective.

the cognitive-behavioral approach

Arvin has suffered from depression for several years since graduating college. Why would his therapist worry that previous depressive episodes might have set the stage for future eating disorders?

the depression-related brain circuit of many people with eating disorders shows abnormalities that are similar to those of people with depression

Sunita has bulimia nervosa. Her weight is MOST likely to be:

within a normal range, although it make fluctuate markedly in that range

List compensatory behaviors.

- fasting - vomiting - using laxatives

What biological factors contribute to the development of eating disorders?

- genes - brain circuit dysfunction - abnormal levels of serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate - hypothalamus - weight set point

What characteristics make up the clinical picture of anorexia nervosa?

- key goal is becoming thin - driving motivation is fear - preoccupation with food occurs - thinking is distorted - have a low opinion of their body shape

List the methods for restoring weight and normal eating methods.

- nutritional rehabilitation - intravenous feeding - behavioral weight-restoration approaches - combination of supportive nursing, nutritional counseling, and high-calorie diet - motivational interviewing

List the treatment options for bulimia nervosa.

- nutritional rehabilitation for binge-purge - eliminate the binge-purge pattern and establish good eating habits - eliminate the underlying cause of bulimic patterns - programs that emphasize education and therapy - antidepressant drug therapy - cognitive-behavioral therapy

What are the immediate aims for treating anorexia nervosa?

- regain lost weight - recover from malnourishment - eat normally again - change relationship with food

What are the two subtypes of anorexia?

- restricting type - binge-eating/purging type

Relapse is a major problem for those suffering from bulimia nervosa. Researchers have identified certain factors that more accurately predict future relapse after successful treatment. List those factors.

- there was a long history of bulimia nervosa before treatment began - slower progress was made in the earlier phases of treatment - there was a greater frequency of self-induced vomiting during the illness

The suicide rate among people with anorexia nervosa is _____ the rate found in the general population.

5x

What is the lifetime duration for anorexia nervosa upon treating an eating disorder?

6 years

In the short run, treatment for binge-eating disorder is successful in as many as _____ of cases. Of those recovered individuals, however, only about _____ show overall improvement in follow-up studies.

60%; 1/3

Some research has suggested that those suffering from anorexia nervosa and those with _____ score equally high on measurements of obsessions and compulsions.

OCD

Reseema is undergoing treatment for anorexia nervosa. As part of her therapy, she has worked on discovering her core pathology and monitoring her feelings of hunger and her food intake. Reseema's treatment program is MOST likely:

cognitive-behaviorally based

During cognitive-behavioral therapy, patients with anorexia nervosa are taught to identify their _____, that is, the deep-seated belief that they should be judged by their shape and weight and by their ability to control these physical characteristics.

core pathology

Define binges.

episodes of uncontrollable eating when ingesting large amounts of food; often carried out in secret and involves 2,000-3,400 calories per episode

Brandon suffers from bulimia nervosa and has sought the help of a therapist. His psychologist, who ascribes to the cognitive-behavioral model, gives him instructions to eat specific types and amounts of food but to resist the urge to make himself vomit. The hope is that Brandon will come to see that eating can be a healthy and constructive behavior that requires no undoing. Brandon's psychologist is using a technique called:

exposure and response prevention

At her parents' insistence, Robyn has finally agreed, for the first time, to be treated for bulimia nervosa. She has just started cognitive-behavioral therapy. Which other form of treatment is MOST likely to be included?

family therapy